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. 2021 Jun 3;18(11):6001. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18116001

Table 1.

Recent bacterial studies using lignocellulose biomass in bio-refinery of various products.

S. N. Bacteria Strain Substrate (Biomass) Degradation % (Yield) Degradation Time Method of Analysis Product References
1. Pantoea ananatis
Sd-1 		Pesticide carbaryl, rice straw 45 24 h Enzyme assays Reducing sugars [71]
2. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria Wheat, rice, sugarcane, and pea ball-milled straws - 84 h Biolog (MT2) microplate system Cellulase and xylanase [23]
3. Aeromonas hydrophila,
Pseudomonas poae, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 		Wheat, rice, sugarcane, and pea straw 100 72 h Enzyme assays & genomics Strawase, cellulase [72]
4. Streptomyces, Bacillus and Paenibacillus Saw dust 40–100 7–10 days Enzyme assays & genomics Cellulase [73]
5. Opitutus terrae, Spirosoma linguale, Solibacter usitatus Lignite, molasses - 5 days Fermentation Biogas and organic acid [14]
6. phosphate solubilizing
(PSB) and potassium solubilizing (KSB) bacteria		 Bagasse - 7 days
28 days		 Randomized blocks design and assays Carbon Dioxide [74]
7. Ochrobactrum sp. Palm oil mill effluent 71 6 days Aerobic treatment CMCase and xylanase [75]
8. Pantoea ananatis Sd-1 Rice straw 46 3 days Enzyme assays, fenton chemistry Biofuels [76]
9. Bacillus, Streptomyces, Burkholderia Beech wood - 7 days Enzyme assays. Xylanase [77]
10. Dickeya sp. WS52 Sweet Pepper and Tomato Stalk - 4 days Enzymatic hydrolysis and genomics CMCase and pectinase [78]
11. Clostridium sp., Petrimonas sp., Methanosarcina sp. and Methanospirillum sp. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) - 18 h PCR-DGGE and fermentation Methane [79]
12. Streptomyces lividans Sunflower stalks and rape straw - 6 days Fatty acid profiling Triacylglycerol [80]
13. Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus,
Afipia, Alkaliphilus, Burkholderia, Erwinia, Geobacillus, Ralstonia, Rhodanobacter, Sediminibacterium andStreptococcus.		 Rice straw - 4 days Enzyme activity assay Cellulase [13]
14. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes Molasses - 124 days Fermentation Organic acids and other compounds [81]
15. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes Corn stover - 10 days Assays Enzymes [82]
16. Pseudomonas sp. GO2. Corn stover 99.8 131 h Fermentation Bioflocculant [83]
17. Geobacillus sp. strain WSUCF1 Prairie cordgrass 100 120 h Single pot bioconversion Biohydrogen [84]
18. Streptomyces sp. MDS Rice waste biomass, wood straw, local grass powder, sugar cane barboja and sugar cane bagasse 6 6 days Solid state fermentation Endoglucanase, exoglucanase, cellobiases, filter pa- perase, amylase, and xylanase [85]
19. Bacillus sp. BS-5 Corn cob - 72 h Enzymes assays Xylanase, endoglucanase [55]
20. Paenibacillus, Streptomyces Switch grass - 10 days Solid-state and submerged-state cultivation Biofuel [86]
21. Actinobacteria Olive pomace - 6 days Submerged fermentation Laccase, xylanase [87]
22. Bacillus sp. K1 Wheat Bran 44 24 h Lipid extraction and enzyme assays Lipid, biodiesel [88]
23. Bacillus sp. G0 Miscanthus 88 100 h Pre-treatment Xylanase [89]
24. Cellulomonas, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, andFibrobacter Peat 86 42 days Viability and decomposition tests NA [90]
25. Streptomyces sp., Pseudonocardiaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Saccharothrix Stipa and Hilaria grass biomass - 35 days Genomics and enzyme assays Endo- and exo-cellulase,
27 glucosidase, endo- and exo-xylosidase and arabinofuranosidases.		 [91]
26. Paenibacillus sp. Rice straw, corn straw, soybean straw, and sugarcane bagasse - 3 days Proximate analysis and bacteria growth comparisons - [92]
27. Bacillus cereus RSDa2, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia RSI6, Klebsiella pneumoniae RSI9 Rice - 45 days Enzyme assays and metagenomics Compost [93]
28. Anaerobic microbial consortium TC-5 Untreated wheat straw 45.7 9 days Fermentation Methane [47]
29. Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Serratia rubidaea, Klebsiella pneumoniaeandCitrobacter sp. UWIBGS10. Sugarcane bagasse - 168 h Hydrolytic production Glucose [12]
30. Clostridium butyricum I5-42 Starch free fibre from cassava pulp and xylan - 24 h Enzyme assays, fermentation 1,3-propanediol [94]
31. Pantoea ananatis Sd-1 Lignin & sugar substrates - 24 h Enzyme assays and genomics Bacterial pyranose 2-oxidase (P2Ox) [95]
32. Paenibacillus polymyxa ND25 CMC, avicel, corn starch, rice straw and sugarcane bagasse - 48 h Enzyme assays Endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase [96]
33. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes
Dysgonomona, Sedimentibacter, Comamonas		 Energy grass - 5–10 days Shotgun sequencing and enzyme assays Biogas [44]
34. Pseudomonas, ArthrobacterandPseudoxanthomonas Maize stover 47 30 days Enzyme assays and genomics Carboxymethyl cellulase, avicelase, β-glucosidase, endo-β-1,4-xylanase, acetyl esterase, ferulic acid esterase, manganese peroxidase and laccase [97]
35. Enhydrobacter Rice husk - 65 days Blackgram growth and nutrient status analysis Compost [98]
36. Bacillus velezensis 157 Agro-industrial waste (soybean meal, wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice husk, maize flour and maize straw) - 72 h Solid-state fermentation Cellulase, xylanase, α-amylase, and pectinase [99]
37. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Rikenellaceae, Clostridiaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Firmicutes flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus Cow manure - 40 days Biochemical methane potential tests Biogas/methane [100]
38. Ethanoligenens, Tepidimicrobium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, andRuminococcus Swine Manure, Napier grass 36.6 21 days Enzyme activity assay Biogas/Methane [101]
39. Prevotella, Bacillus, Thermus, Truepera, and Caldicoprobacter, Thermopolyspora, andPseudoxanthomonas Weed - - Illumina sequencing Compost [102]
40. Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 Cellulose - 16 h HPLC, SEM, Activity assays Cellulases [103]
41. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fibrobacter, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Prevotella and Ruminococcus Roughage - - Metagenomics Cazymes [104]
42. Clostridium, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus andMethanosarcina Rice straw 83 30 days
126 days		 Enzyme assays Methane [105]
43. Bacillus sp. TPF-1 Algae, paper mill wastewater 48 72 h Enzyme assays CMCase and xylanase [106]
44. Caldicellulosiruptor bescii Switch grass 80 80 h Fermentation Acetate [107]
45. Achromobacter sp. (PS1) Rice-straw, wheat-straw and sugarcane-bagasse 73.10 and 91.13 192 h One-factor-at-a-time approach Biosurfactant [108]
46. Lactococcus, Serratia, DysgonomonasandEnterococcus Bamboo shoot particles - 6 days Enzyme assays Endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, exoglucanase, laccase and lignin peroxidase [109]
47. Bacteroidetes, Lentisphaerae, Firmicutes and Fibrobacteres Corn Stover - 6 days Gas chromatography, sequencing Lignocellulolytic enzyme [110]
48. Sphingobacterium sp. ksn-11 Corn husk, peanut husk, rice bran, sugarcane bagasse, paddy straw, and coffee cherry husk 60 24 h Sub merged fermentation and optimisation Cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, mannanase, and laccase [111]
49. Bacillus subtillis Palm oil mill waste 90 14 days Batch digestion Methane [68]
50. Lactobacillus plantarum RI 11 Molasses, rice straw, Palm Kernel Cake and soybean - 7 days Enzyme assays Endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase and mannanase [112]
51. Clostridia sp. Swine manure and corn stover - 75 days Lignocellulolytic activity assays Methane [113]
52. Clostridiales Wheat straw 90 93 days Kinetics and batch assays Methane [114]
53. Parabacteroides, Alcaligenes, Lysinibacillus, Sphingobacterium, andClostridium Rice Straw 71 20 days Anaerobic digestion Endo-glucanase [69]
54. Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus ZY-16 Citrus peel wastes 90 5 days Enzyme activity assays Bioflocculants [70]
55. Clostridium thermocellum, C. stercorarium, andThermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus Wheat and Cattail Biomass 80 60 days Consolidated bioprocessing Ethanol [115]