Table 3.
The hygiene in participating households from informal and formal settlements.
| Overall (N = 707) | Informal Settlements (IS) | Formal Settlements (FS) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall IS (n = 543) | Barcelona (n = 89) | Lotus Park (n = 88) | Pelican Park (n = 87) | Phola Park (n = 85) | Weltevrede (n = 100) | Sweet Home (n = 94) | Overall FS (n = 164) |
Gugulethu (n = 84) | Manenberg (n = 80) | ||
| Respondent’s hand-washing practices | |||||||||||
| Before eating | 96.6% | 96.9% | 97.8% | 90.9% | 100% | 100% | 96% | 96.8% | 95.7% | 94.1% | 97.5% |
| After eating | 59.8% | 61.1% | 57.3% | 53.4% | 82.8% | 77.7% | 51% | 47.9% | 55.5% | 63.5% | 46.8% |
| After defecation | 48% | 51.2% | 39.3% | 53.4% | 66.7% | 61.2% | 42% | 46.8% | 37.2% | 50.6% | 22.8% |
| After latrine use | 62% | 62.6% | 58.4% | 59.1% | 83.9% | 72.9% | 50% | 54.3% | 59.8% | 64.7% | 54.4% |
| Before feeding child | 61.7% | 61.9% | 55.1% | 56.8% | 80.5% | 53.2% | 51% | 77.7% | 61% | 63.5% | 58.2% |
| After handling rubbish | 54.5% | 58% | 50.6% | 55.7% | 67.8% | 75.3% | 51% | 50% | 42.7% | 58.8% | 25.3% |
| After handling baby diaper/feces | 48.5% | 52.9% | 41.6% | 50% | 69% | 68.2% | 46% | 44.7% | 34.2% | 52.9% | 13.9% |
| Before food reparation | 60.3% | 58.9% | 49.4% | 59.8% | 87.4% | 64.7% | 48% | 50% | 64.6% | 57.7% | 72.2% |
| After touching animals | 12.5% | 12.5% | 9% | 8% | 23% | 24.7% | 3% | 9.6% | 12.2% | 18.8% | 5% |
| Observed availability of soap | 28% | 28.5% | 31.5% | 51.1% | 24.1% | 15.3% | 15% | 35.1% | 26.2% | 42.1% | 12.5 |
| Hand-washing index (mean) | −2.30 × 10−8 | 0.04 | −0.14 | −0.05 | 0.5 | 0.4 | −0.16 | −0.2 | −0.14 | 0.06 | −0.36 |
| Pest invasion | |||||||||||
| Rat | 77.4% | 86.9% | 92.1% | 94.3% | 61% | 80% | 94% | 97.9% | 45.7% | 72.9% | 16.5% |
| Cockroaches | 70.9% | 71.8% | 78.7% | 83% | 60.9% | 57.7% | 81% | 68.1% | 67.7% | 58.8% | 77.2% |
| Using pesticides during the last 2 weeks | |||||||||||
| Inside house | 47.4% | 44.4% | 53.4% | 26.4% | 50.6% | 41.2% | 54.6% | 39.4% | 57.3% | 37.7% | 78.5% |
| Outside house | 21.6% | 21.7% | 22.5% | 18.2% | 25.3% | 12.9% | 26.3% | 23.9% | 21.3% | 28.3% | 13.9% |
| Waste water disposal | |||||||||||
| To open ground near house | 12.2% | 10.9% | 14.6% | 3.4% | 4.6% | 33.5% | 17% | 20.2% | 16.5% | 2.4% | 31.7% |
| To open ground far away from house | 44.8% | 52.9% | 58.4% | 52.3% | 18.4% | 69.4% | 61% | 56.4% | 18.3% | 31.8% | 3.8% |
| To toilet/ lavabo | 33.7% | 28.4% | 22.5% | 42.1% | 62.1% | 17.7% | 9% | 20.2% | 51.2% | 57.7% | 44.3% |
| To water storm drains | 9.3% | 7.9% | 4.5% | 2.3% | 14.9% | 9.4% | 13% | 3.2% | 14% | 8.2% | 20.3% |