SOD1-Tat increases the total bone marrow engraftment capacity. (a). The experimental flow chart of competitive transplantation. After treatment with recombinant SOD1-Tat, SOD1, or PBS as a control, half a million CD45.2 BMCs were used to compete against an equal number of CD45.1 BMCs to reconstitute the hematopoietic compartment of a lethally irradiated recipient mouse (CD45.1+ & CD45.2+). Two weeks after transplantation, peripheral blood samples were collected retro-orbitally from the transplanted recipient mice for FACS analysis. (b). Living cell populations selected by gating on the physical characteristics of peripheral white blood cells. After two steps of selection according to cellular characteristics, population 3 was finally selected for FACS analysis. Cell clusters, cell debris, and other non-cell particles were excluded from the subsequent hematopoietic chimerism analysis. (c). FACS plots showing the percentage of CD45.1+ (P4) and CD45.2+ (P5) donor-derived WBCs in the peripheral blood two weeks after transplantation. The results represent three independent biological repeats (n = 3). (d). Ratio of CD45.2+ (P4) to CD45.1+ (P5) donor-derived WBCs. Results were presented as mean ± SD, n = 3. #: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01, versus the control group.