Loss of function of rswl and scu are associated with mitochondrial defects. (A–F) Neuroblast (NB) stem cells (dotted outlines) from larval brains labeled for mitochondria (green) and DAPI (blue). Neuroblasts in wild-type (y w) brains had small, dispersed mitochondria (A). In contrast, mitochondria in the neuroblasts of rswl and scu mutants (B–F) were swollen and ring-shaped (arrows). Number of NB with swollen mitochondria = 1/56 (A), 71/80 (B), 29/30 (C), 19/19 (D), 15/17 (E), and 22/25 (F). (G,H) Total relative ATP levels were reduced in scu (G) and rswl (H) mutant larvae. Green: anti-ATP synthase; blue: DAPI. Scale bar: 10 mm in F for A–F. Error bars: S.E.M. calculated using GraphPad PRISM using an unpaired t-test, two-tailed. (G, H). **** p < 0.0001; *** p < 0.001.