Table 1.

Mitochondrial function target sites for different mitocans and their possible treatment effects

Targets	Mitocan	Treatment consequences	Reference
Oxidative stress	Rotenone	This compound activates NOX2, which leads in increased ROS and cell death	90
	Metformin	This drug exerts enhanced oxidative stress and is in a phase I clinical trial (NCT03477162)	91
	Lonidamine	This mitocan induces cytotoxicity through ROS production	92
	PARP activation	This leads to enhanced ROS production, which results in apoptosis	93
	NAC1 silencing	This helps in removal of oxidative stress–defense mechanism and sensitization	94
	Curcumin analogue Compound A	This mitocan helps in selective apoptosis through the production of substantial ROS in different cancers	95
	PYCR1 and PYCR2 downregulation	This leads to the sensitization of cancer cells to ROS by inhibiting stress-response proteins	96
Electron-transport chain	Metformin	It leads selective mitochondria-targeting, acts as an adjuvant with many cancer therapies, and is in a phase I (NCT03477162) clinical trial	97
	Resveratrol	This drug act as a prooxidant and leads to cancer-cell death	98
	MitoTam	It gets localization within mitochondria and leads to increased specificity	73
	Sorafenib (nexavar)	It supports the inhibition of ATP synthase and leads to parkin-mediated apoptosis and is in a phase III clinical trial (NCT00105443)	99
	TPP-peptide artemisinin-TPP green titania (G-TiO2-x) conjugated with TPP	This formulation is selectively anticancerous and helps in killing cancer cells quite efficiently	100
Voltage-dependent anion channel	Steroid analogues	It is a well-known cytotoxicity mediator	101
	Oroxillin A	This compound leads to cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and metastasis inhibition of different cancer cells	101
	Fenofibrate	This compound promotes the reprogramming of metabolism and apoptosis in oral carcinomas	102
	R-Tf-D-LP4 peptide	Targeted transferrin receptor in cancer cells, enhancing specificity of Antp-LP4 and N-Ter-Antp	103
	Arsenites	Arsenites are well-known cytotoxicity agents	101
	Clotrimazole	It is an inhibitor of glycolysis and leads to cytotoxicity	104
Hexokinase II	Rapamycin/siRNA downregulation of STAT3	This treatment leads to reduced glucose consumption and glycolysis inhibition	105
	Lactobacillus casei peptidoglycan fragments (European patent 1217005)	This peptidoglycan fragment promotes inhibition of the entire metabolism of cancer-tumor cells	106
	Benz	Reduces glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATP levels, leads to apoptosis, and is in a phase IV clinical trial (NCT02741947)	107
	miR134 and miR218	These lead to the knockdown of HKII and reduced glucose consumption, thus leading to apoptosis	108