Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics for Predicting Early Recurrence
| Variables | Without Early Recurrence (n=232) | Early Recurrence (n=91) | Univariable Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |||
| Age(y, mean ± SD) | 54.30 ± 10.893 | 55.38 ± 11.266 | 1.009(0.987,1.032) | 0.426 | ||
| Sex(Male/Female) | 203(62.8)/29(9.0) | 77(23.8)/14(4.3) | 0.786(0.394–1.566) | 0.493 | ||
| HBV or HCV † | 207(64.1)/25(7.7) | 75(23.2)/16(5.0) | 0.566(0.287–1.118) | 0.101 | ||
| HBV-DNA (>104/≤104) | 28(9.3)/190(63.3) | 17(5.7)/65(21.7) | 1.775(0.913–3.452) | 0.091 | ||
| ES (III–IV/I–II) | 84(26.0)/148(45.8) | 44(13.6)/47(14.6) | 1.649(1.010–2.694) | 0.046 | ||
| Cirrhosis † | 149(46.1)/83(25.7) | 58(18)/33(10.2) | 0.979(0.591–1.622) | 0.934 | ||
| MVI † | 50(15.5)/182(56.3) | 38(11.8)/53(16.4) | 2.610(1.550–4.394) | <0.001 | 2.132(1.122–4.050) | 0.021 |
| Ki-67 | 24.05 ± 17.787 | 27.49 ± 18.586 | 1.010(0.997–1.024) | 0.124 | ||
| Size(>5cm/≤5 cm) | 5(1.5)/227(70.3) | 13(4.0)/78(24.1) | 7.567(2.614–21.906) | <0.001 | 3.661(1.094–12.250) | 0.035 |
| Anatomical resection † | 25(7.7)/207(64.1) | 13(4.0)/78(24.1) | 1.380(0.672–2.832) | 0.380 | ||
| Multifocality(2–3/1 nodule) † | 33(10.2)/199(61.6) | 21(6.5)/70(21.7) | 1.809(0.982–3.333) | 0.057 | ||
| Satellite nodules † | 1(0.3)/231(71.5) | 4(1.2)/87(26.9) | 10.621(1.171–96.345) | 0.036 | ||
| AFP(>20/≤20 ng/mL) | 96(29.7)/136(42.1) | 48(14.9)/43(13.3) | 1.581(0.971–2.575) | 0.065 | ||
| (>400/≤400 ng/mL) | 25(7.7)/207(64.1) | 14(4.3)/77(23.8) | 1.505(0.744–3.046) | 0.255 | ||
| CEA (>5/≤5 ng/mL) | 23(7.2)/206(64.6) | 6(1.9)/84(26.3) | 0.640(0.252–1.627) | 0.348 | ||
| CA199(>34/≤34ng/mL) | 40(12.5)/189(59.2) | 22(6.9)/68(21.3) | 1.529(0.848–2.756) | 0.158 | ||
| TP(≤65/>65 g/L) | 63(19.5)/169(52.3) | 22(6.8)/69(21.4) | 0.855(0.488–1.498) | 0.585 | ||
| ALB(≤35/>35g/L) | 4(1.2)/228(70.6) | 3(0.9)/88(27.2) | 1.943(0.426–8.858) | 0.391 | ||
| TBA(>10/≤10 umol/L) | 82(26)/145(46) | 39(12.4)/49(15.6) | 1.407(0.853–2.321) | 0.181 | ||
| TBIL(>20.4/≤20.4 µmol/L) | 24(7.4)/208(64.4) | 14(4.3)/77(23.8) | 1.576(0.775–3.202) | 0.209 | ||
| DBIL(>6.8/≤6.8 umol/L) | 43(13.3)/189(58.5) | 22(6.8)/69(21.4) | 1.401(0.782–2.511) | 0.257 | ||
| ALT(>50/≤50 U/L) | 29(9.0)/203(62.8) | 24(7.4)/67(20.7) | 2.232(1.203–4.140) | 0.011 | 2.173(1.066–4.430) | 0.033 |
| AST(>40/≤40 U/L) | 36(11.1)/196(60.7) | 23(7.1)/68(21.1) | 1.842(1.019–3.327) | 0.043 | ||
| AKP(>125/≤125 U/L) | 14(4.3)/218(67.5) | 10(3.1)/81(25.1) | 1.922(0.821–4.501) | 0.132 | ||
| GGT(>60/≤60 U/L) | 59(18.3)/173(53.6) | 35(10.8)/56(17.3) | 1.833(1.095–3.068) | 0.021 | 1.941(1.062–3.548) | 0.031 |
| PLT(≤100/>100 x 109/L) | 60(18.6)/171(53.1) | 26(8.1)/65(20.2) | 1.140(0.663–1.959) | 0.635 | ||
| PT(>13.0/≤13.0 s) | 30(9.3)/202(62.5) | 14(4.3)/77(23.8) | 1.224(0.616–2.432) | 0.564 | ||
| PALB(≤250/>250mg/L) | 165(51.1)/67(20.7) | 74(22.9)/17(5.3) | 1.768(0.971–3.217) | 0.062 | 2.078(1.021–4.231) | 0.044 |
| ALBI(2/1 grade) | 43(13.3)/189(58.5) | 10(3.1)/81(25.1) | 0.543(0.260–1.132) | 0.103 | ||
| Non-smooth margin † | 104(32.2)/128(39.6) | 48(14.9)/43(13.3) | 1.374(0.845–2.234) | 0.200 | ||
| Nodule-in-nodule † | 13(4.0)/219(67.8) | 5(1.5)/86(26.6) | 0.979(0.339–2.830) | 0.969 | ||
| Fat suppression † | 73(22.6)/159(49.2) | 30(9.3)/61(18.9) | 1.071(0.638–1.797) | 0.795 | ||
| Necrosis † | 61(18.9)/171(52.9) | 24(7.4)/67(20.7) | 1.004(0.579–1.741) | 0.988 | ||
| Heterogenous T2WI † | 67(20.7)/165(51.1) | 27(8.4)/64(19.8) | 1.039(0.610–1.768) | 0.888 | ||
| Child-Pugh(B/A class) | 9(2.8)/223(69.0) | 6(1.9)/85(26.3) | 1.749(0.604–5.062) | 0.303 | ||
| BCLC 0 stage | 78(24.1) | 18(5.6) | Reference | 0.020 | ||
| A stage | 142(44.0) | 53(19.5) | 1.923(1.063–3.476) | 0.031 | ||
| B stage | 12(3.7) | 10(3.1) | 3.611(1.351–9.654) | 0.010 | ||
| TNM stage T1a | 142(44.0) | 37(11.5) | Reference | 0.001 | ||
| T1b | 33(10.2) | 12(3.7) | 1.396(0.657–2.964) | 0.386 | ||
| T2 | 55(17.0) | 38(11.8) | 2.652(1.531–4.593) | 0.001 | ||
| T3 | 2(0.6) | 4(1.2) | 7.676(1.353–43.535) | 0.021 | ||
| ERASL-pre risk Low | 227(70.3) | 82(25.4) | Reference | 0.019 | ||
| Intermediate | 4(1.2) | 8(2.5) | 5.537(1.624–18.876) | 0.006 | ||
| High | 1(0.3) | 1(0.3) | 2.768(0.171–44.769) | 0.473 | ||
| ERASL-post risk Low | 220(68.1) | 74(22.9) | Reference | 0.002 | ||
| Intermediate | 11(3.4) | 16(5.0) | 4.324(1.921–9.736) | <0.001 | ||
| High | 1(0.3) | 1(0.3) | 2.973(0.184–48.128) | 0.443 | ||
| Hemorrhage † | 34(10.5)/198(61.3) | 18(5.6)/73(22.6) | 1.436(0.764–2.699) | 0.261 | ||
| Mosaic architecture † | 10(3.1)/222(68.7) | 12(3.7)/79(24.5) | 3.372(1.402–8.111) | 0.007 | ||
| Targetoid architecture † | 15(4.6)/217(67.2) | 7(2.2)/84(26.0) | 1.206(0.475–3.061) | 0.694 | ||
| Non-rim APHE † | 188(58.2)/44(13.6) | 72(22.3)/19(5.9) | 0.887(0.485–1.620) | 0.696 | ||
| Non-peripheral washout † | 179(55.4)/53(16.4) | 77(23.8)/14(4.3) | 1.628(0.853–3.109) | 0.139 | ||
| Capsule enhancement | ||||||
| Intact | 139(43.0) | 40(12.4) | Reference | 0.007 | ||
| Incomplete | 44(13.6) | 32(9.9) | 2.527(1.42–4.493) | 0.002 | ||
| Absent | 49(15.2) | 19(5.9) | 1.347(0.713–2.545) | 0.358 | ||
| Peritumoral enhancement † | 67(20.7)/165(51.1) | 45(13.9)/46(14.2) | 2.409(1.462–3.970) | 0.001 | 1.826(0.989–3.374) | 0.054 |
| Peritumoral hypointensity † | 50(15.5)/182(56.3) | 33(10.2)/58(18.0) | 2.071(1.219–3.517) | 0.007 | ||
| HBP hypointensity † | 225(69.7)/7(2.2) | 90(27.9)/1(0.3) | 2.800(0.340–23.084) | 0.339 | ||
| Ascite † | 15(4.6)/217(67.2) | 6(1.9)/85(26.3) | 1.021(0.383–2.719) | 0.967 | ||
| Li-RADS LR-3 | 30(9.3) | 9(2.8) | Reference | 0.725 | ||
| LR-4 | 60(18.6) | 23(7.1) | 1.278(0.527–3.101) | 0.588 | ||
| LR-5 | 142(44.0) | 59(18.3) | 1.385(0.620–3.096) | 0.427 | ||
Notes: †Presence/absence; P values in bold indicated that the corresponding variables were closely related to 2-year recurrence in the univariable logistic regression (P <0.1).
Abbreviations: OR, odd ratio; CI, confidence interval; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV-DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid of hepatitis B virus; ES, Edmondson-Steiner grade; MVI, microvascular invasion; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; TP, Total protein; ALB, albumin; TBA, total bile acid; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AKP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; PLT, platelet; PT, prothrombin time; PALB, prealbumin; ALBI, the albumin-bilirubin grade; T2WI, T2-weighted image; BCLC, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system; TNM, the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis system; ERASL-pre risk, ERASL-post risk, the preoperative and postoperative risks of Early Recurrence After Surgery for Liver tumor; APHE, arterial phase hyperenhancement; HBP, hepatobiliary phase; Li-RADS, the Liver Imaging Reporting And Data System.