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. 2021 Jun 14;6(3):135–143. doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.06.002

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© 2021 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 1 — The serum and urine metabolome. (a–b) The negative (a) and positive (b) ion modes of the serum metabolome between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. (c–d) The negative (c) and positive (d) ion modes of the urine metabolome between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Red indicates the COVID-19 samples, and green indicates the non-COVID-19 samples, while blue refers to quality-control (QC) samples. (e–f) PLS-DA score plot of all the 632 metabolites of serum (e) and 972 metabolites of urine (f). Case (red color) and control (green color) indicate the samples from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19, respectively. (g–h) Volcano plots (p-value ≤ 0.05 and fold change (FC) >1.2) identify statistically significant metabolites in serum (g) and urine (h) between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Red indicates up-regulated in COVID-19, while green indicates down-regulated in COVID-19.