Table 4.
Message effects on infection-prevention behavior INDEX
| Method: fixed effects estimation | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable: | Full-sample | Sub-sample A: Those who were previously more compliant with contact-avoidance instructions | Sub-sample B: Those who were previously less compliant with contact-avoidance instructions | ||||||
| Infection-prevention behavior INDEX | |||||||||
| Wave2 | 0.062 | 0.082 | 0.042 | ||||||
| (0.044) | (0.059) | (0.066) | |||||||
| Wave2 × Gain-framed altruistic | − 0.107* | − 0.197** | − 0.017 | ||||||
| (0.063) | (0.091) | (0.086) | |||||||
| Wave2 × Loss-framed altruistic | − 0.045 | − 0.085 | − 0.003 | ||||||
| (0.062) | (0.086) | (0.090) | |||||||
| Wave2 × Selfish | − 0.129** | − 0.167** | − 0.093 | ||||||
| (0.059) | (0.082) | (0.084) | |||||||
| Wave2 × Selfish and altruistic | − 0.055 | − 0.054 | − 0.057 | ||||||
| (0.061) | (0.087) | (0.085) | |||||||
| Wave2 × Simple | − 0.044 | − 0.065 | − 0.023 | ||||||
| (0.060) | (0.081) | (0.089) | |||||||
| Wave3 | − 0.064 | − 0.012 | − 0.117* | ||||||
| (0.048) | (0.068) | (0.067) | |||||||
| Wave3 × Gain-framed altruistic | − 0.084 | − 0.155 | − 0.011 | ||||||
| (0.067) | (0.095) | (0.095) | |||||||
| Wave3 × Loss-framed altruistic | 0.062 | 0.042 | 0.081 | ||||||
| (0.066) | (0.093) | (0.095) | |||||||
| Wave3 × Selfish | -0.109* | − 0.108 | − 0.105 | ||||||
| (0.063) | (0.090) | (0.089) | |||||||
| Wave3 × Selfish and altruistic | -0.044 | 0.014 | − 0.101 | ||||||
| (0.065) | (0.092) | (0.092) | |||||||
| Wave3 × Simple | 0.043 | 0.027 | 0.058 | ||||||
| (0.065) | (0.093) | (0.092) | |||||||
| Wave4 | 0.002 | 0.081 | − 0.079 | ||||||
| (0.049) | (0.067) | (0.072) | |||||||
| Wave4 × Gain-framed altruistic | − 0.042 | − 0.115 | 0.032 | ||||||
| (0.069) | (0.098) | (0.097) | |||||||
| Wave4 × Loss-framed altruistic | 0.010 | − 0.104 | 0.126 | ||||||
| (0.066) | (0.091) | (0.096) | |||||||
| Wave4 × Selfish | − 0.050 | − 0.074 | − 0.021 | ||||||
| (0.065) | (0.087) | (0.096) | |||||||
| Wave4 × Selfish and altruistic | − 0.053 | − 0.059 | − 0.046 | ||||||
| (0.067) | (0.094) | (0.096) | |||||||
| Wave4 × Simple | − 0.018 | − 0.126 | 0.092 | ||||||
| (0.067) | (0.092) | (0.099) | |||||||
| Constant term | 4.969*** | 4.969*** | 4.969*** | 5.045*** | 5.045*** | 5.045*** | 4.893*** | 4.893*** | 4.893*** |
| (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.012) | (0.013) | (0.013) | |
| Number of observations | 8482 | 8482 | 8482 | 4256 | 4256 | 4256 | 4226 | 4226 | 4226 |
| Number of participants | 4241 | 4241 | 4241 | 2128 | 2128 | 2128 | 2113 | 2113 | 2113 |
Notes Cluster robust standard errors at individual level are in parentheses; ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. We employ the contact-avoidance behavior INDEX in the first wave and divide the analysis sample into two subsamples: those who were relatively compliant with contact-avoidance instructions before the experiment (Sub-sample A: INDEX ≥ 6.5, N = 2128) and those who were not (Sub-sample B: INDEX < 6.5, N = 2113)