Table 6.
Message effects on contact-avoidance intention INDEX
| Method: ordinary least squares | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable: | Full-sample | Sub-sample A: Those who were previously more compliant with contact-avoidance instructions | Sub-sample B: Those who were previously less compliant with contact-avoidance instructions | |||||||||
| Contact-avoidance intention INDEX | 1st Wave | 2nd Wave | 3rd Wave | 4th Wave | 1st Wave | 2nd Wave | 3rd Wave | 4th Wave | 1st Wave | 2nd Wave | 3rd Wave | 4th Wave |
| Gain-framed altruistic | 0.091 | 0.093 | 0.079 | 0.096 | 0.053 | − 0.005 | − 0.025 | − 0.022 | 0.125 | 0.193** | 0.181* | 0.216** |
| (0.065) | (0.065) | (0.068) | (0.070) | (0.089) | (0.086) | (0.096) | (0.095) | (0.094) | (0.095) | (0.097) | (0.103) | |
| Loss-framed altruistic | 0.101 | − 0.002 | 0.067 | 0.124* | 0.043 | − 0.086 | − 0.033 | − 0.043 | 0.146 | 0.079 | 0.165* | 0.284*** |
| (0.064) | (0.066) | (0.068) | (0.071) | (0.088) | (0.091) | (0.096) | (0.097) | (0.092) | (0.096) | (0.097) | (0.102) | |
| Selfish | 0.096 | 0.037 | 0.077 | 0.082 | 0.167** | 0.098 | 0.070 | 0.043 | 0.025 | -0.020 | 0.083 | 0.120 |
| (0.063) | (0.064) | (0.066) | (0.068) | (0.084) | (0.086) | (0.095) | (0.092) | (0.092) | (0.095) | (0.093) | (0.100) | |
| Selfish and altruistic | 0.103 | 0.073 | 0.040 | 0.086 | 0.091 | 0.075 | 0.018 | 0.008 | 0.112 | 0.078 | 0.061 | 0.169* |
| (0.063) | (0.066) | (0.069) | (0.069) | (0.087) | (0.086) | (0.097) | (0.094) | (0.092) | (0.100) | (0.098) | (0.102) | |
| Simple | 0.087 | 0.018 | 0.114* | 0.094 | 0.051 | -0.024 | 0.110 | 0.001 | 0.121 | 0.064 | 0.119 | 0.184* |
| (0.064) | (0.065) | (0.067) | (0.069) | (0.088) | (0.089) | (0.093) | (0.091) | (0.092) | (0.095) | (0.098) | (0.104) | |
| Contact-avoidance behavior INDEX before 1st Wave | 0.255*** | 0.208*** | 0.191*** | 0.243*** | 0.213 | 0.275* | 0.294* | 0.409** | 0.257*** | 0.201*** | 0.168*** | 0.227*** |
| (0.034) | (0.034) | (0.034) | (0.034) | (0.158) | (0.161) | (0.174) | (0.170) | (0.048) | (0.047) | (0.046) | (0.046) | |
| Constant term | 2.769*** | 2.920*** | 2.782*** | 2.632*** | 2.869*** | 2.137* | 1.936 | 1.338 | 2.983*** | 3.358*** | 3.107*** | 2.943*** |
| (0.269) | (0.271) | (0.272) | (0.264) | (1.084) | (1.098) | (1.194) | (1.157) | (0.374) | (0.376) | (0.368) | (0.358) | |
| Number of observations (participants) | 4241 | 4241 | 4241 | 4241 | 2128 | 2128 | 2128 | 2128 | 2113 | 2113 | 2113 | 2113 |
| R-squared | 0.150 | 0.130 | 0.129 | 0.130 | 0.166 | 0.171 | 0.150 | 0.142 | 0.107 | 0.079 | 0.086 | 0.095 |
Notes Cluster robust standard errors at individual level are in parentheses; ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. We employ the contact-avoidance behavior INDEX in the first wave and divide the analysis sample into two subsamples: those who were relatively compliant with contact-avoidance instructions before the experiment (Sub-sample A: INDEX ≥ 6.5, N = 2128) and those who were not (Sub-sample B: INDEX < 6.5, N = 2113)