Table 4. Biochemical outcome measures with inter-group comparisons at various time intervals for the test teeth.
| Variables | Baseline | 12 weeks | Mean difference±SD | t value | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (pg/mL) | ||||||
| Group 1 | 354.42±48.63 | 294.26±51.21 | 60.16±14.43 | 16.04 | <0.001 | |
| Group 2 | 334.12±44.26 | 282.17±50.38 | 51.95±62.32 | 3.21 | 0.008 | |
| Group 3 | 358.61±52.17 | 243.32±42.51 | 115.29±59.41 | 7.06 | <0.001 | |
| P value | NS | 0.019 | ||||
| Groups 1 vs. 2 (mean difference) | 20.3 (NS) | 12.09 (NS) | ||||
| Groups 1 vs. 3 (mean difference) | −4.19 (NS) | 50.94 (0.017) | ||||
| Groups 2 vs. 3 (mean difference) | −24.49 (NS) | 38.85 (NS) | ||||
| Nitric oxide (pg/mL) | ||||||
| Group 1 | 352.12±17.23 | 343.13±16.37 | 8.99±23.34 | 1.59 | NS | |
| Group 2 | 345.13±21.32 | 341.15±10.69 | 3.98±24.34 | 0.73 | NS | |
| Group 3 | 360.67±18.12 | 329.62±6.41 | 31.05±15.61 | 6.72 | <0.001 | |
| P value | NS | 0.037 | ||||
| Groups 1 vs. 2 (mean difference) | 6.99 (NS) | 1.98 (NS) | ||||
| Groups 1 vs. 3 (mean difference) | −8.55 (NS) | 13.51 (0.034) | ||||
| Groups 2 vs. 3 (mean difference) | −15.54 (NS) | 11.53 (NS) | ||||
| Gingipain R (pg/mL) | ||||||
| Group 1 | 80.64±14.98 | 51.23±21.31 | 29.41±4.41 | 11.05 | 0.007 | |
| Group 2 | 85.31±22.31 | 48.21±16.75 | 37.10±9.61 | 8.34 | <0.001 | |
| Group 3 | 107.42±40.41 | 46.56±15.66 | 60.86±13.91 | 7.81 | <0.001 | |
| P value | NS | NS | ||||
| Groups 1 vs. 2 (mean difference) | −4.67 (NS) | 3.02 (NS) | ||||
| Groups 1 vs. 3 (mean difference) | −26.78 (NS) | 4.67 (NS) | ||||
| Groups 2 vs. 3 (mean difference) | −22.11(NS) | 1.65 (NS) | ||||
Values are presented as mean±SD. Significance of differences between groups: P>0.05: NS; P<0.05: significant (bold).
SRP: scaling and root planing, SRP+P: scaling and root planing+single application of probiotic, SRP+PPP: scaling and root planing+incremental application of probiotic, NS: not significant, SD: standard deviation.