Table 1.
Characteristics of patients
| Missing data | All | HFpEF/HFmrEF | HFrEF | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 418 | 193 | 225 | ||
| Age (years) | 0 | 71 (13) | 75 (11) | 68 (14) | <0.001 |
| Male | 0 | 59.1% | 51.8% | 65.3% | 0.005 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0 | 22.1 (4.6) | 22.2 (4.1) | 22.1 (5.0) | 0.679 |
| Readmission | 0 | 27.8% | 27.5% | 28.0% | 0.910 |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Hypertension | 0 | 75.1% | 82.4% | 68.9% | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 0 | 36.6% | 37.3% | 36.0% | 0.839 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0 | 39.0% | 38.9% | 39.1% | 1.000 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 | 35.4% | 44.0% | 28.0% | <0.001 |
| CLBBB | 0 | 10.0% | 4.7% | 14.7% | <0.001 |
| ICD | 0 | 1.7% | 0.5% | 2.7% | 0.130 |
| CRT | 0 | 1.2% | 1.0% | 1.3% | 1.000 |
| Severe valvular disease | 0 | 3.3% | 5.7% | 1.3% | 0.026 |
| COPD | 0 | 5.3% | 6.7% | 4.0% | 0.273 |
| Stroke | 0 | 8.6% | 8.3% | 8.9% | 0.863 |
| Malignancy | 0 | 8.9% | 10.4% | 7.6% | 0.388 |
| Status at discharge | |||||
| NYHA class | 0 | 0.344 | |||
| ≤2 | 83.7% | 82.9% | 84.4% | ||
| 3 | 15.8% | 17.1% | 14.7% | ||
| 4 | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.9% | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1 | 110 (17) | 114 (17) | 107 (17) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 1 | 72 (13) | 72 (12) | 73 (13) | 0.778 |
| Laboratory findings at discharge | |||||
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 0 | 12.0 (2.2) | 11.3 (2.2) | 12.6 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0 | 1.39 (1.04) | 1.39 (1.02) | 1.40 (1.05) | 0.917 |
| Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 0 | 16 (19) | 44 (18) | 47 (19) | 0.107 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 0 | 139 (3) | 140 (3) | 139 (3) | 0.314 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1 | 169 (44) | 168 (45) | 170 (44) | 0.585 |
| Lymphocyte count (/μL) | 0 | 1536 (573) | 1451 (553) | 1609 (580) | 0.005 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 1 | 3.62 (0.53) | 3.52 (0.53) | 3.70 (0.51) | <0.001 |
| BNP, median (pg/mL) | 0 | 240 [132–417] | 237 [120–402] | 247 [142–432] | <0.001 |
| Medication at discharge | |||||
| Beta blocker | 1 | 72.7% | 59.4% | 84.0% | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 0 | 81.8% | 76.2% | 86.7% | 0.007 |
| Statin | 0 | 44.3% | 40.9% | 47.1% | 0.236 |
| Oral anticoagulant | 0 | 42.3% | 50.8% | 35.1% | 0.002 |
| Digoxin | 0 | 10.0% | 10.9% | 9.3% | 0.627 |
| Loop diuretics | 0 | 78.7% | 71.0% | 85.3% | <0.001 |
| Dose (mg) a | 20 [10–40] | 20 [0–40] | 20 [20–40] | 0.230 | |
| MRA | 0 | 59.6% | 52.8% | 65.3% | 0.012 |
| LVEF (%) | 0 | 39 (16) | 54 (11) | 26 (6) | <0.001 |
Values are mean (standard deviation) or median [interquartile range].
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; CLBBB, complete left bundle branch block; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac rethynchronized therapy; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; ICD, inplantable cardio‐defibrillator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineral corticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
a
Furosemide‐equivalent dose.