Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| CKD (n = 8767) | Non‐CKD (n = 419 553) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 62.8 (5.8) | 56.1 (8.1) | <0.001 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 4055 (46%) | 195 570 (47%) | 0.510 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 8346 (95%) | 396 213 (94%) | 0.002 |
| Other | 421 (5%) | 23 340 (6%) | |
| No. of comorbidities | |||
| 0 | 1977 (23%) | 195 716 (47%) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 2942 (34%) | 139 696 (33%) | |
| 2 | 2168 (25%) | 58 102 (14%) | |
| ≥3 | 1680 (19%) | 26 039 (6%) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 44.4 (2.9) | 45.3 (2.6) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.72 m2a | 54.5 (49.0–57.7) | 93.3 (84.1–100.5) | <0.001 |
| Stage 3a, n (%) | 7423 (85%) | — | — |
| Stage 3b, n (%) | 1079 (12%) | — | — |
| Stage 4, n (%) | 238 (3%) | — | — |
| CRP, mg/L a | 1.98 (0.99–4.12) | 1.30 (0.64–2.70) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 13.8 (1.4) | 14.2 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Testosterone, nmol/L a | 6.0 (1.0–10.8) | 5.58 (1.0–11.7) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, mmol/L | 39.3 (9.2) | 36.0 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| Body mass, kg | 82.1 (16.4) | 78.1 (15.9) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.3 (5.2) | 27.4 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Body fat, % | |||
| Males | 27.2 (5.8) | 25.2 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Females | 39.1 (6.8) | 36.5 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| ALM, kg | |||
| Males | 27.2 (4.2) | 27.0 (3.9) | 0.013 |
| Females | 19.0 (2.7) | 18.4 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| ALM/height2 | |||
| Males | 8.9 (1.2) | 8.7 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Females | 7.3 (1.0) | 7.0 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| ALMBMI | |||
| Males | 0.93 (0.1) | 0.98 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Females | 0.66 (0.1) | 0.69 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Handgrip strength, kg | |||
| Males | 38.8 (9.3) | 41.9 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| Females | 23.4 (6.6) | 25.2 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Slow walking speed, n (%) | |||
| Males | 842 (21%) | 14 290 (7%) | <0.001 |
| Females | 882 (19%) | 17 058 (8%) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; ALM, appendicular lean mass; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
a
Median and interquartile range.
Data presented as mean and standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated.
Missing data for these variables can be found in Data S7.