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. 2021 May 31;8:656631. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.656631

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in all groups. (A–F) Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in both the LA and RA were markedly higher in the pacing group compared with the sham or pacing+TRAM-34 groups. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in both the LA and RA were higher in the pacing+TRAM-34 group than in the sham group. P** < 0.01 vs. the sham group, P*** < 0.001 vs. the sham group. PΔΔΔ < 0.001 vs. the pacing group. In our experiment, the same GAPDH was used for TNF-α, MCP-1, and the same GAPDH was used for IL-β, p38, c-Fos. IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium.