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Alpha diversity bar plot showing (A) observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs; ±SE) and (B) Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD; ±SE) from buccal and saliva samples collected from electronic (e)-cigarette users and non-smokers/non-vapers (NSNV) controls. The alpha diversity indices are shown on the y-axis and the e-cigarette status (E-cigarette users, orange; NSNV controls, blue) is on the x-axis. Significant difference (p < 0.05) determined by an unpaired two-sample Wilcoxon test.
