TABLE 5.

Multiple regression coefficients and significance of predictors for speaking English proficiency (phase 2).

		FLCAS
Speaking: FLCAS as independent variables	β	–0.503
	t	–7.80**
	p	0.000
	VIF	1.000
	Cohen’s f2	0.064
		FLCAS	FLLAS2	FLLAS
Speaking: FLCAS and FLLAS as independent variables	β	–0.465	–0.391	0.274
	t	–4.20**	–3.95**	2.12*
	p	0.000	0.000	0.035
	VIF	3.172	2.536	0.432
	Cohen’s f2	0.064	0.043	0.017
		Interaction with	FLCAS	FLLAS2
		instructor
Speaking: All variables as independent variables	β	0.361	–0.248	–0.184
	t	5.68**	–3.13**	–2.29*
	p	0.000	0.002	0.023
	VIF	1.203	1.881	1.929
	Cohen’s f2	0.074	0.114	0.018

**p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05. Effect size of Cohen’s f²: small = f² ≤ 0.02; medium = f² = 0.15; large = f² ≥ 0.35 (Cohen, 1988).