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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2021 Mar 4;160:103290. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103290

Table 5.

Meta-regression analyses examining moderators of mindfulness intervention effects on fatigue and vitality/vigor outcomes

Sample Size Moderator Effect Size Estimate Heterogeneity
Moderator Outcome K n B 95% CI p Q(w) df p
Gender Fatigue Post-intervention 17 1,592 0.01 [−0.02, 0.05] 0.472 72.44 15 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Post-intervention 11 1,050 −0.01 [−0.03, 0.00] 0.107 8.87 9 0.450
Fatigue Follow-up 12 1,165 −0.01 [−0.02, 0.00] 0.077 30.48 10 0.001
Vitality/Vigor Follow-up 6 474 −0.04 [−0.14, 0.06] 0.418 11.78 4 0.019
Age Fatigue Post-intervention 17 1,592 −0.08 [−0.16, −0.01] 0.035 63.66 15 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Post-intervention 11 1,050 0.01 [−0.04, 0.06] 0.607 11.22 9 0.261
Fatigue Follow-up 12 1,165 −0.03 [−0.09, 0.03] 0.341 32.35 10 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Follow-up 6 474 0.03 [−0.13, 0.18] 0.727 12.40 4 0.015
Type of Mindfulness Intervention (MBSR vs. other) Fatigue Post-intervention 17 1,592 −0.04 [−0.85, 0.77] 0.927 74.38 15 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Post-intervention 11 1,050 −0.15 [−0.39, 0.10] 0.242 10.09 9 0.343
Fatigue Follow-up 12 1,165 −0.39 [−0.96, 0.18] 0.180 32.63 10 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Follow-up 6 474 −0.50 [−1.15, 0.16] 0.137 8.98 4 0.062
Type of Control Condition (Active vs. Non-active) Fatigue Post-intervention 17 1,592 −0.63 [−1.41, 0.16] 0.116 69.46 15 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Post-intervention 11 1,050 −0.22 [−0.48, 0.04] 0.096 8.69 9 0.466
Fatigue Follow-up 12 1,165 −0.36 [−0.93, 0.20] 0.207 32.62 10 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Follow-up 6 474 −0.44 [−1.10, 0.22] 0.194 9.45 4 0.051
Intervention Dose Fatigue Post-intervention 17 1,592 −0.04 [−0.09, 0.02] 0.193 74.70 15 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Post-intervention 11 1,050 −0.02 [−0.05, 0.02] 0.374 10.61 9 0.304
Fatigue Follow-up 12 1,165 −0.01 [−0.05, 0.03] 0.624 33.57 10 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Follow-up 6 474 −0.06 [−0.20, 0.08] 0.383 12.07 4 0.017
Drop-out Rate Fatigue Post-intervention 17 1,592 −0.03 [−0.07, 0.01] 0.169 73.56 15 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Post-intervention 11 1,050 −0.01 [−0.02, −0.00] 0.025 6.46 9 0.693
Fatigue Follow-up 12 1,165 −0.02 [−0.04, 0.00] 0.110 31.00 10 0.001
Vitality/Vigor Follow-up 6 474 −0.01 [−0.03, −0.00] 0.039 8.16 4 0.086
Refusal Rate Fatigue Post-intervention 12 1,290 −0.01 [−0.03, 0.01] 0.320 40.30 10 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Post-intervention 8 751 0.01 [−0.00, 0.02] 0.075 7.76 6 0.256
Fatigue Follow-up 8 1,045 −0.00 [−0.01, 0.01] 0.978 16.19 6 0.013
Vitality/Vigor Follow-up 6 474 0.02 [−0.02, 0.06] 0.353 11.01 4 0.026
Follow-up Time Fatigue Follow-up 12 1,165 −0.09 [−0.25, 0.08] 0.312 33.34 10 <0.001
Vitality/Vigor Follow-up 6 474 −0.08 [−0.21, 0.05] 0.205 9.53 4 0.049

Note: K = number of records included the analysis. n = total number of participants included in the analysis. Q(w) = the variance within group means. Age = the average age of the sample. Gender = percent female. Type of Mindfulness Intervention = MBSR vs other types of mindfulness interventions (reference = MBSR). Type of Control Condition = active vs. non-active control condition (reference = non-active control condition). Intervention Dose = total intervention hours. Drop-out Rate = drop-out rate at post-intervention/follow-up. Refusal Rate = total refusal rate. Follow-up Time = time between post-intervention and follow-up assessment in months.