Figure 3.

The future of aquaculture. As modern aquaculture operations intensify and expand (often to more environmentally exposed and less accessible sites), so does the need to develop methods that allow farmers to remotely monitor and care for their stock. This can be achieved by (a) instrumenting animals with bio-sensors to collect real-time physiological responses to common husbandry practices and/or prevailing environmental conditions, which are obtained from (b) sensors attached to the farmed animal or (c) sensors attached to the enclosure. Recorded data are continuously transmitted to (d) receivers fixed to the enclosure and/or (e) satellites to provide farmers or intelligent farming systems with the necessary data for making decisions regarding (f) early remedial responses to environmental and/or anthropogenic pertubations or (g) to adjust and modify day-to-day operations to optimize the growth, health and welfare of farmed animals.