. 2021 May 31;12:650432. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.650432

TABLE 1.

Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and gas exchange parameters at the flowering and pod set in peanut with four rates of biochar in the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons.

		Flowering						Pod set
		F_v/F_m	Φ_PSII	Φ_NPQ	Φ_NO	qP	NPQ	F_v/F_m	Φ_PSII	Φ_NPQ	Φ_NO	qP	NPQ
ANOVA	Y	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	B	ns	**	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	**	**	ns	**	**
	Y × B	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

		P_n	T_r	G_s	L_s	WUE	LNC	P_n	T_r	G_s	L_s	WUE	LNC

ANOVA	Y	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	B	**	**	**	**	**	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**
	Y × B	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Y and B represent year and biochar application, respectively. F_v/F_m, maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry after dark adaptation; Φ_PSII, actual efficiency of PSII photochemistry after light adaptation; Φ_NPQ, quantum yield for energy dissipated via Δ pH and xanthophyll-regulated processes; Φ_NO, quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII; qP, photochemical quenching; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching. P_n, net photosynthetic rate; T_r, transpiration rate; G_s, stomatal conductance; L_s, stomatal limitation; WUE, water-use efficiency; and LNC, leaf nitrogen content. **denote significance at the 0.01 probability level. ns denotes non-significance.