Table 1.
Description of the Studies Included
| First Author | Journal | Year | Center | No. of Patients | No. of Events | Study Type/Enrollment Period | Pattern Type | Patient Type | ECG Signs | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Migliore et al 23 | Europace | 2019 | Consortium | 272 | 17 patients had ≥1 major arrhythmic events (appropriate ICD shocks, n=13 and SCD, n=4) | Retrospective February 1995–June 2015 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | First‐degree AVB | Combined end point (SCD, CA, ICD appropriate intervention) |
| Delise et al 17 | Europace | 2018 | Consortium | 26 | 26 patients experienced SCD/aSCD | Retrospective 2010–2016 | Spontaneous and induced | Symptomatic (all with aborted cardiac arrest) | Drug‐induced type 1 | ICD shocks |
| Morita et al 26 | J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | 2018 | Okayama University Graduate Okayama, Japan | 471 | 41 patients experienced VF | Retrospective | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | RR, PQ, QRS, QT, Tp‐e, ST level, AF, first‐degree AVB, spontaneous type 1 ECG, ER, fQRS | VTA |
| Mugnai et al 43 | Am J Cardiol | 2017 | Heart Rhythm Management Centre of UZ Brussels, Belgium | 448 | 43 patients had VTA | Retrospective | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Tp‐e, Tp‐e/QT, Tp‐e dispersion, QTc, and QTd | VF; SCD |
| Ragab et al 44 | J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | 2018 |
Consortium Evaluation of Cardiogenetic Disease and Effectiveness of Screening (ENCODER project) |
147 | 30 patients had VTA | Retrospective | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Tzou criteria (V1R>0.15 mV, V6S>0.15 mV, and V6S:R>0.2); (2) prominent S wave in lead I, lead II, and lead III; (3) SII>SIII; and (4) prominent Q wave in lead III | VT; VF; ICD shocks |
| Ragab et al 31 | Am J Cardiol | 2017 |
Consortium Evaluation of Cardiogenetic Disease and Effectiveness of Screening (ENCODER project) |
132 | VTA occurred in a total of 9 patients, and 4 patients developed VF. Five patients who initially presented with an OHCA or syncope had recurrent VT/VF | Retrospective | Spontaneous and induced; 14% type 2 pattern | Mixed | R wave in lead aVR; (R wave>0.3 mV in lead aVR) | VTA |
| Sakamoto et al 38 | Heart Vessels | 2017 | Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan | 81 | 11 patients experienced VF | Prospective April 2012–January 2015 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | TWA, HRV | VF |
| Sakamoto et al 39 | Heart Vessels | 2016 | Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan | 129 | 16 patients experienced VF. Appropriate ICD therapies were 140 according to VF | Retrospective‐ | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Maximum TWA 3L‐V2 during night | VF |
| Calò et al 25 | J Am Coll Cardiol | 2016 | Consortium | 347 | 39 patients developed syncope, and 32 developed VF/SCD | Prospective 1999–nr | Spontaneous | Mixed | S wave (≥0.1 mV and/or ≥40 ms) in lead I and AF | VF/SCD |
| Maury et al 22 | Am J Cardiol | 2013 | Consortium | 325 | 10 patients had SD, 55 had unexplained syncope 56 had inducible VTA | Retrospective 1996–2010 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Tpe of ≥100 lead V1 to lead V4 | VTA |
| Crea et al 35 | Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol | 2015 | Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Italy | 87 | nr | Retrospective | nr | nr | ST‐segment depression (≥0.1 mV with duration≥0.08 s) in the inferior leads | … |
| Uchimura‐Makita et al 37 | J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | 2014 | Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan | 45 | 5 patients experienced VF | Retrospective 2001–2011 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | TWA | VF |
| Kawata et al 33 | Heart Rhythm | 2013 | Okayama University Hospital, Japan | 49 | 27 patients experienced VF | Restrospective | Spontaneous and induced | Symptomatic | ER (defined as J‐point elevation ≥0.1 mV in inferior or lateral leads) | VTA |
| Rollin et al 21 | Heart Rhythm | 2013 | Consortium | 323 | 26 patients experienced SD/appropriate ICD shocks | Restrospective 1996–2010 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Type 1 ECG in the peripheral leads (at least 1) | VTA |
| Maury et al 42 | Heart Rhythm | 2015 | Consortium | 325 | 10 patients had SD, 55 had unexplained syncope 56 had inducible VTA | Restrospective | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | RBBB, LBBB, LAFB, LPFB, aVR sign, PR interval, P wave | SCD/ICD appropriate intervention |
| Priori et al 6 | J Am Coll Cardiol | 2012 | Consortium | 308 | 13 patients had appropriate ICD shocks and 1 OHCA | Prospective 2004–2009 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Spontaneous type 1 ECG, fQRS | VTA |
| Ohkubo et al 29 | Int Heart J | 2011 | Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan | 35 | No events | Retrospective 1995–2009 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | QRS duration measured from lead V2 | VTA/syncope |
| Nishii et al 19 | Circ J | 2010 | Consortium | 108 | 15 patients experienced appropriate ICD shocks | Retrospective 1997–2009 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Spontaneous type 1 | ICD shock |
| Nakano et al 18 | Europace | 2010 | Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan | 52 | 8 patients had appropriate ICD shocks | Retrospective 2000–2008 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Spontaneous type 1 ECG in lead V2 | VF |
| Probst et al 20 | Circulation | 2010 | Consortium | 1029 | 44 patients experienced appropriate ICD shocks, and 7 SD | Prospective | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Type 1 ECG pattern in right precordial leads | SCD or ICD shocks |
| Letsas et al 41 | Europace | 2010 | Abteilung Rhythmologie, Herz‐Zentrum, Bad Krozingen, Germany | 23 | No events | nr | nr | nr | Tp‐e interval and Tp‐e/QT in V2 e V6 | VT/VF |
| Shimeno et al 34 | Circ J | 2009 | Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan | 58 | No events | Prospective 2002–2007 | Spontaneous (type 2) and induced | Mixed | Descending rate of the ST segment | Positive drug provocative test |
| Sarkozy et al 32 | Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol | 2009 | Consortium | 280 | 14 patients had aSD, 68 had unexplained syncope | Retrospective 1992–2007 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Spontaneous inferior‐lateral ER | |
| Morita et al 27 | Circulation | 2008 | Okayama University, Japan | 115 | 13 patients had VF, 28 had unexplained syncope | Prospective | Spontaneous | Mixed | fQRS | VF |
| Tada et al 36 | J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | 2008 | Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan | 77 | 14 patients experienced VF | Prospective 2000–2006 | Spontaneous | Mixed | TWA (after drug provocative test)/late potentials | VF |
| Takagi et al 24 | J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | 2007 |
Consortium Japan Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Study (J‐IVFS) |
188 | 61 patients experienced SD or VF | Prospective 2002–2006 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | r‐J interval in lead V2≥90 ms and QRS duration in lead V6≥90 ms | |
| Babai Bigi et al 30 | Heart Rhythm | 2007 | Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran | 24 | 3 patients had aSD, 10 had unexplained syncope | Retrospective 2000–2006 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | R wave amplitude or R/q ratio in lead aVR | Composite end point (syncope, aborted SCD, VTA) |
| Juhani Junttila et al 28 | J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | 2007 | Consortium | 200 | Syncope, n=33; VT/VF, n=6; SD, n=27 | Retrospective | Spontaneous | Mixed | QRS duration measured from lead II or lead V2 | Syncope, VT/VF, SCD |
| Castro Hevia et al 40 | J Am Coll Cardiol | 2006 | Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology Institute, Havana, Cuba | 29 | nr | Prospective 1995–2004 | Spontaneous and induced | Mixed | Tp‐e and Tp‐e dispersion | not available |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; aSCD, aborted sudden cardiac death; CA, cardiac arrest; ER, early repolarization; fQRS, fragmented; HRV, heart rate variability; QRS ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LAFB, left anterior fascicular block; LBBB, left bundle‐branch block; LPFB, left posterior fascicular block; OHCA, out hospital cardiac arrest; RBBB, right bundle‐branch block; SCD, sudden cardiac death; Tp‐Te, T‐peak T‐end; TWA, T‐wave alternans; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia; and VTA, ventricular arrhythmias.