Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Subjects
| Characteristics | All Subjects | AS Cases | AS Controls | MR Cases | MR Controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total subjects | 962 | 73 | 172 | 68 | 130 |
| Age, mean±SD, y | 65±15 | 73±11 | 56±15 | 64±12 | 55±14 |
| <18, y | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| 18–29 y | 27 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (6.4) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (5.4) |
| 30–39 y | 45 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (11.0) | 3 (4.4) | 15 (11.5) |
| 40–49 y | 77 (8.0) | 2 (2.7) | 26 (15.1) | 5 (7.4) | 23 (17.7) |
| 50–59 y | 128 (13.3) | 8 (11.0) | 32 (18.6) | 11 (16.2) | 27 (20.8) |
| 60–69 y | 237 (24.6) | 15 (20.5) | 46 (26.7) | 26 (38.2) | 35 (26.9) |
| 70–79 y | 276 (28.7) | 26 (35.6) | 30 (17.4) | 15 (22.1) | 21 (16.2) |
| 80–90 y | 143 (14.9) | 16 (21.9) | 8 (4.7) | 7 (10.3) | 2 (1.5) |
| >90 y | 28 (2.9) | 6 (8.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Sex | |||||
| Women | 450 (46.8) | 33 (45.2) | 93 (54.1) | 21 (30.9) | 67 (51.5) |
| Men | 512 (53.2) | 40 (54.8) | 79 (45.9) | 47 (69.1) | 63 (48.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 748 (77.8) | 54 (74.0) | 129 (75.0) | 57 (83.8) | 99 (76.2) |
| Black/AA | 57 (5.9) | 5 (6.8) | 10 (5.8) | 2 (2.9) | 8 (6.2) |
| Asian | 69 (7.2) | 5 (6.8) | 14 (8.1) | 4 (5.9) | 11 (8.5) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 57 (5.9) | 7 (9.6) | 12 (7.0) | 4 (5.9) | 7 (5.4) |
| Other/unknown | 31 (3.2) | 2 (2.7) | 7 (4.1) | 1 (1.5) | 5 (3.8) |
| Valvular disease | |||||
| Prosthesis | 111 (11.5) | 3 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Aortic valve | |||||
| Regurgitation | |||||
| Mild | 156 (16.2) | 19 (26.0) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (22.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate | 48 (5.0) | 6 (8.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Severe | 9 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Stenosis | |||||
| Mild | 30 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate | 30 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Severe | 82 (8.5) | 73 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Mitral valve | |||||
| Regurgitation | |||||
| Mild | 225 (23.4) | 19 (26.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate | 98 (10.2) | 10 (13.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Severe | 85 (8.8) | 2 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 68 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Stenosis | |||||
| Mild | 21 (2.2) | 3 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate | 10 (1.0) | 2 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Severe | 8 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Pulmonic valve | |||||
| Regurgitation | |||||
| Mild | 141 (14.7) | 13 (17.8) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (26.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate | 13 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Severe | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Stenosis | |||||
| Mild | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Severe | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Tricuspid valve | |||||
| Regurgitation | |||||
| Mild | 305 (31.7) | 19 (26.0) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (36.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate | 88 (9.1) | 6 (8.2) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (23.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Severe | 27 (2.8) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Stenosis | |||||
| Mild | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Severe | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Data are given as number (percentage), unless otherwise noted. For brevity, intermediate grades of valvular disease severity are categorized as the higher grade (ie, moderate to severe included as severe). AA indicates African American; AS, aortic stenosis; and MR, mitral regurgitation.