Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of severely-symptomatic COVID-19 patients who survived and of COVID-19 patients who died in hospital
| Whole cohort (N = 103) | Surviving patients (n = 84) |
Non-surviving patients (n = 19) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years mean(SD) | 66.12 (14.14) | 64.72 (14.72) | 72.32 (8.95) | 0.006‡ |
| Males N(%) | 70 (68%) | 57 (68%) | 13 (68%) | 0.962† |
| CV diseasesa N(%) | 12 (12%) | 11 (13%) | 1 (5%) | 0.458¥ |
| At least 1 comorbidityb N(%) | 63 (61%) | 48 (57%) | 15 (79%) | 0.078† |
| Obesity N (%) | 20 (19%) | 18 (21%) | 2 (11%) | 0.353¥ |
| Diabetes N (%) | 19 (18%) | 10 (12%) | 9 (47%) | 0.001¥ |
| Hypertension N (%) | 52 (50%) | 40 (48%) | 12 (63%) | 0.221† |
| 25OHD ng/mL mean(SD) | 18.2 (11.5) | 19.3 (12.0) | 13.2 (6.4) | 0.0003‡ |
| vitamin D deficiency (25OHD ≤20 ng/mL) N(%) | 64 (62%) | 51 (61%) | 13 (68%) | 0.532† |
|
Creatinine μmol/L median [IQR] |
0.86 [0.72–1.04] | 0.87 [0.74–1.03] | 0.75 [0.62–1.25] | 0.284ǂ |
|
IL-6 pg/mL median [IQR] |
25.00 [13.00–51.00] |
21.00 [10.45–45.90] |
45.00 [28.00–99.00] |
0.002ǂ |
|
D-dimer ng/mL median [IQR] |
2482 [1697–3267] |
2134 [1303–2965] |
3947 [1782–6223] |
0.08 ǂ |
|
C-reactive Protein, nmol/L median [IQR] |
2.16 [0.78–8.21] |
1.81 [0.69–5.55] |
11.30 [4.78–21.71] |
< 0.0001ǂ |
| Fibrinogen, g/L mean(SD) | 482.3 (167.4) | 475.5 (151.6) | 512.6 (227.4) | 0.505‡ |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, mU/mL median [IQR] |
260.00 [230.00–312.00] |
252.00 [215.00–294.00] |
330.00 [285.00–643.00] |
< 0.0001ǂ |
|
Leukocytes count, ×109/L median [IQR] |
7.90 [5.50–10.10] |
7.80 [5.35–9.80] |
8.60 [6.40–12.30] |
0.136ǂ |
|
Neutrophils count, × 109/L median [IQR] |
5.60 [3.30–7.40] |
4.50 [3.20–6.80] |
7.20 [5.60–9.90] |
0.002ǂ |
| Lymphocytes count, ×109/L median [IQR] |
1.50 [1.00–2.00] |
1.50 [1.15–2.10] |
1.10 [0.80–1.70] |
0.029ǂ |
|
Platelets count, ×109/L median [IQR] |
299.00 [228.00–378.50] |
299.00 [228.00–378.50] |
213.00 [139.00–308.00] |
0.0015ǂ |
P-value are referred to the comparison between non-surviving patients and surviving patients
acardiovascular disease: coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction; b at least 1 comorbidity: among obesity, diabetes, arterial hypertension. SD Standard Deviation, IQR interquartile range, ‡ = T-test, ǂ = Wilcoxon test, ¥ = Fisher test; † = Chi-square test
Lactate dehydrogenase normal values: 8–300 mU/mL; Fibrinogen normal values: 2.0–4.0 mg/dL; Leukocyte normal values: 4.5–11.0 × 109/L; Neutrophil normal values: 1.5–8.0 × 109/L; Absolute Lymphocyte Count normal values: 0.9–2.9 × 109/L; Platelet normal values: 150–400 × 109/L