Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the training and validation groups.
| Training (n = 95) | Internal (n = 34) | External (n = 26) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, (%) | 0.468 | |||
| Male | 54 (56.84%) | 23 (67.65%) | 17 (65.38%) | |
| Female | 41(43.16%) | 11 (32.35%) | 9 (34.62%) | |
| Age, years | 64.12 ± 9.56 | 67.65 ± 8.12 | 65.30 ± 9.73 | 0.166 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.29 ± 2.24 | 21.73 ± 1.54 | 21.23 ± 1.58 | 0.558 |
| Tumor diameter, cm | 3.89 ± 1.81 | 3.25 ± 1.44 | 3.35 ± 1.28 | 0.302 |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L | 1.36 ± 0.58 | 1.34 ± 0.53 | 1.20 ± 0.53 | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 38.05 ± 5.57 | 38.24 ± 5.69 | 38.09 ± 4.14 | 0.963 |
| HB, g/L | 125.75 ± 13.90 | 126.18 ± 18.44 | 126.89 ± 16.76 | 0.948 |
| PLT, 109/L | 215.93 ± 70.23 | 197.85 ± 62.91 | 190.19 ± 53.00 | 0.136 |
| T-BIL, μmol/L | 39.70 | 22.00 | 64.70 | 0.558 |
| AST, μmol/L | 89.39 ± 92.11 | 96.89 ± 86.60 | 89.15 ± 110.75 | 0.919 |
| ALT, μmol/L | 132.4 ± 162.91 | 129.82 ± 122.19 | 113.50 ± 133.96 | 0.850 |
| Pre-Alb, mg/L | 153.29 ± 56.35 | 165.12 ± 38.54 | 164.00 ± 64.55 | 0.118 |
| CRP, mg/L | 4.87 ± 4.27 | 5.24 ± 4.17 | 5.49 ± 3.62 | 0.659 |
| CA19-9, U/ml | 370.77 ± 361.78 | 316.91 ± 398.95 | 388.49 ± 454.91 | 0.706 |
| Surgical methods, (%) | 0.198 | |||
| PD | 68 (71.58%) | 28 (82.35%) | 16 (61.54%) | |
| DP | 27 (28.42%) | 6 (17.65%) | 10 (38.46%) | |
| Tumor location, (%) | 0.018 | |||
| Head | 58 (61.05%) | 27 (79.41%) | 15 (57.69%) | |
| Body | 22 (23.16%) | 5 (14.71%) | 2 (7.69%) | |
| Tail | 15 (15.79%) | 2 (5.88%) | 9 (34.62%) | |
| TNM stage, (%) | 0.451 | |||
| I | 31 (32.63%) | 9 (26.47%) | 11 (42.31%) | |
| II | 50 (52.63%) | 16 (47.06%) | 11 (42.31%) | |
| III | 14 (14.74%) | 9 (26.47%) | 4 (15.38%) | |
| Pathological differentiation, (%) | 0.521 | |||
| High/Medium | 55 (57.89%) | 19 (55.88%) | 18 (69.23%) | |
| Low | 40 (42.11%) | 15 (44.12%) | 8 (30.77%) | |
| 2-year survival, (%) | 0.565 | |||
| Yes | 30 (31.58%) | 14 (41.18%) | 8 (30.77%) | |
| No | 65 (68.42%) | 20 (59.82%) | 18 (69.23%) | |
| Median survival time, month | 16.6 | 20 | 17.5 | 0.380 |
| Diabetes, (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 19 (20.00%) | 7 (20.60%) | 15 (57.69%) | |
| No | 76 (80.00%) | 27 (79.40%) | 11 (42.31%) | |
| Chemotherapy (%) | 0.440 | |||
| Yes | 30 (31.58%) | 14 (41.18%) | 11 (42.31%) | |
| No | 65 (68.42%) | 20 (58.82%) | 15 (57.69%) |
BMI, body mass index; HB, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet; T-BIL, total bilirubin; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; Pre-Alb, pre-albumin; CRP, C-reactive protein; CA, carbohydrate antigen; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis staging. Bold represents P-value of the variable is less than 0.05.