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. 2021 May 31;12:669231. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669231

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Copyright © 2021 de Vries, de Jong, Hofland and Van Loey.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Complete model with all possible pathways connecting pain and PTSD-symptom clusters. Note that black lines are statistically significant associations, dashed lines represent trends, gray lines are not statistically significant.