TABLE 7.
Survey results: Self-efficacy by effect size.
| Study | Survey items | nobservation | TC M (SD) | FC M (SD) | p | d |
| Bhagat et al., 2016 | Confidence | TC = 41, FC = 41 | 3.16 (0.69) | 3.64 (0.72) | <0.05 | 0.68 |
| López Belmonte et al., 2019 | Overall self-perceived learning | TC = 30, FC = 30 | 2.14 (0.91) | 2.76 (0.99) | 0.021 | 0.65 |
| Wasserman et al., 2017 | Resources acquired during course (Spring, 2013) | TC = 30, FC = 33 | 14.15 (2.98) | 14.82 (2.58) | 0.341 | 0.24 |
| Touchton, 2015 | Self-assessment of learning in the course | TC = 40, FC = 43 | 4.30 | 4.51 | <0.01 | n/a |
| Zack et al., 2015 | I believe I am good at solving math problems | TC = 64, FC = 49 | 3.37 | 3.09 | 0.067 | n/a |
| Kennedy et al., 2015 | Self-efficacy | TC = 65, FC = 62 | 40.7 (9.67) | 39.8 (9.45) | 0.54 | –0.09 |
| Yong et al., 2015 | I feel well-prepared for the next level of study in this field | TC = 90, FC = 86 | 3.89 (0.76) | 3.82 (0.73) | 0.570 | –0.09 |
| Wasserman et al., 2017 | Resources acquired during course (Fall, 2012) | TC = 37, FC = 33 | 15.39 (2.46) | 14.86 (3.37) | 0.458 | –0.18 |
| Gundlach et al., 2015 | Cognitive competence: Students’ attitudes about their intellectual knowledge and skills when applied to statistics | TC = 193, FC = 25 | 5.54 (0.90) | 5.05 (1.20) | <0.05 | –0.46 |
| Gundlach et al., 2015 | Perceived easiness: Students’ attitudes about the perceived easiness of statistics as a subject | TC = 193, FC = 25 | 4.61 (0.82) | 4.07 (0.93) | <0.05 | –0.62 |
Bold values indicate significant results.