TABLE 8.

Survey results: Understanding of mathematics by effect size.

Study	Survey items	nobservation	TC M (SD)	FC M (SD)	p	d
Peterson, 2016	Clear explanations	TC = 12, FC = 21	4.33 (0.89)	4.86 (0.36)	0.02	0.78
Amstelveen, 2019	Supplementary material helped me learn the course material	TC = 20, FC = 29	2.94 (1.39)	3.79 (1.37)	0.039	0.62
Cronhjort et al., 2018	Related the course contents to real world examples	TC = 413, FC = 226	2.67	2.94	0.048	n/a
Amstelveen, 2019	Frequent feedback helped me improve my learning in the course	TC = 20, FC = 29	2.95 (1.35)	3.46 (1.4)	0.210	0.37
Cronhjort et al., 2018	The course felt relevant to my on-going studies	TC = 413, FC = 226	4.24	4.38	0.118	n/a
Zack et al., 2015	A strong math background can help me in my professional life	TC = 64, FC = 49	3.62	3.25	0.029	n/a
Zack et al., 2015	I believe that studying math helps me with problem solving in other areas	TC = 64, FC = 49	3.57	3.02	0.002	n/a

Bold values indicate significant results.