Table 3.
Iron oxide based multimodal contrast agents as described in MICAD [15].
| Molecule | Source of Signal | Target | Level of Research |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRI, SPECT Gamma Planar | |||
| 111In-Tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid-benzyl-ChL6-SPIONs | Iron oxide, 111In | Antibody-antigen binding | In vitro, rodents |
| MRI and PET | |||
| 124I-Serum albumin-manganese-magnetism-engineered iron oxide nanoparticles | Iron oxide, 124I | Non-targeted | In vitro, rodents |
| 64Cu-1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid-iron oxide-c(RGDyK) nanoparticles | 64Cu and iron oxide | Integrin αvβ3 | |
| MRI, optical, PET | |||
| 64Cu-DTPA-CLIO-VT680 | Iron oxides, VT680, 64Cu | Macrophages | In vitro, rodents |
| MRI, optical NIR fluorescence | |||
| Annexin V-cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 | Iron oxide, Cy5.5 | Phosphatidylserine | In vitro, rodents |
| Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule monoclonal M/K-2.7 conjugated cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 nanoparticles | Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 | ||
| Cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 | Phagocyte and tumour cell | ||
| Lys-Thr-Leu-Leu-Pro-Thr-Pro-cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 | Plectin-1 | ||
| VCAM-1 internalizing peptide-28 nanoparticles | Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 | ||
| Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala-SPIO-Cy7 nanoparticles | Iron oxide, Cy7 | Clotted plasma proteins | |
| Optical, NIR fluorescence imaging and MRI | |||
| Cy5.5-Amino-terminal fragment of urokinase-type plasminogen activator conjugated to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles | Iron oxide, Cy5.5 | Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor | In vitro, rodents |
| Cy5.5-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-crosslinked iron oxide nanoparticle | Proteases | ||
| MRI, fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) | |||
| Gly-Ser-Ser-Lys-(FITC)-Gly-Gly-Gly-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-CLIO-Cy5.5 | Iron oxides, Cy5.5 | αυβ3 integrin | In vitro, rodents |
| MRI, NIFR optical imaging | |||
| Green fluorescent protein specified small interfering RNA–crosslinked iron oxide nanoparticles-Cy5.5 | Iron oxides, Cy5.5 | RNAse III | In vitro, rodents |
| Survivin specified small interfering RNA-CLIO-Cy5.5 | |||
| Bombesin peptide conjugated–cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 | Iron oxide, Cy5.5, FITC | Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor | |
| Optical, near-infrared fluorescence | |||
| IPLVVPLGGSC (Cy5.5-Cross-linked iron oxide) K(FITC) | Cy5.5, iron oxide | Hepsin | In vitro, rodents |
| MRI and optical imaging | |||
| Rhodamine B isothiocyanate-incorporated, silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle–labelled human cord blood–derived mesenchymal stem cells | SPIO, RITC | Cell imaging | In vitro, rodents |