Table 4.
A summary of biopolymer coating materials for iron oxide cores.
| Magnetic Material |
Synthesis Method for Iron Oxide Core |
Polymeric Coating | Applications | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe3O4 | Co-precipitation | Chitosan | MRI | [69,70,71,72] |
| Chitosan/Alginate | [65] | |||
| N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan | MRI/PET (68Ga) | [73] | ||
| Dextran | MRI | [74,75,76,77] | ||
| MRI/PET (68Ga) | [59] | |||
| MRI/SPECT (99mTc) | [78] | |||
| MRI/SPECT (99mTc-dipicolylmie (DPA)-alendronate) | [78] | |||
| Carboxymethyl dextran | MRI | [79] | ||
| BSA | [80] | |||
| BSA/HA | [64] | |||
| Folic Acid-BSA | [81] | |||
| Alginate | [82,83] | |||
| Thermal decomposition | Dextran | MRI/PET (64Cu) | [84] | |
| BSA | MRI | [85] | ||
| Hydrothermal | Alginate/PEI | [86] | ||
| Emulsion polymerization | HSA | [87] | ||
| Emulsification | PLGA/Chitosan/Dextran sulfate | [88] | ||
| γ-Fe2O3 | Co-precipitation | Dextran | MRI | [89] |
| BSA | [90] | |||
| MRI/Fluorescent (FITC) | [91] | |||
| rHSA | MRI | [92] | ||
| Nucleation | Gelatin | MRI/Fluorescence Imaging | [93] | |
| Co-precipitation/cross-linking | Alginate | MRI | [94] | |
| IONPs | Co-precipitation | Glycol Chitosan/Heparin | MRI | [95] |
| Dextran | [96,97,98,99] | |||
| MRI/PET (89Zr) | [100] | |||
| MRI/CT | [101] | |||
| Mapping | [102] | |||
| Dextran/Dextran sulfate | MRI | [103] | ||
| Dextran sulfate | [104] | |||
| MRI/PET (64Cu) | [105] | |||
| Carboxymethyl-diethylaminoethyl dextran | MRI | [106] | ||
| Gelatin | [66] | |||
| Thermal decomposition | Oleyl-Chitosan | MRI | [107] | |
| Heparin | [108] | |||
| BSA | [109] | |||
| HSA | [110,111] | |||
| Microemulsion | Gelatin | MRI | [66] | |
| MRI/Optical | [112] | |||
| Microwave | Dextran | MRI/PET (68Ga) | [113] | |
| Microwave-assisted | Different heparins of distinct anticoagulant/Anti-heparanase | MRI | [114] | |
| Dextran | [115] | |||
| MRI/PET (64Cu) | [116] | |||
| Nucleation | HSA | MRI | [117] | |
| NIRF | [118] | |||
| SPIONs | Co-precipitation | Chitosan | MRI | [119] |
| Cationic/Anionic chitosan derivatives |
[120] | |||
| Bioactive-conjugated N-palmitoyl chitosan |
[121] | |||
| Heparin | [122] | |||
| Unfractionated heparin | [123] | |||
| Dextran | [60,124,125,126,127,128,129] | |||
| MPI | [130,131] | |||
| Dextran sulfate | MRI | [132] | ||
| Carboxydextran | [133] | |||
| PET (89Zr)/SPECT (99mTc) | [134] | |||
| Carboxymethyl dextran | MRI | [135,136] | ||
| MRI/SPECT (111In) | [137] | |||
| PET (89Zr) | [138,139] | |||
| PET (89Zr)/SPECT (111In) | [140] | |||
| PET(64Cu)/SPECT (111In) | [140] | |||
| Carboxymethyl dextran/Fucoidan | MRI | [141] | ||
| HSA | [142] | |||
| Alginate | [143] | |||
| Thermal decomposition | N-palmitoyl-N-monomethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-6-O-glycolchitosan | MRI | [144] | |
| Succinylated heparin monolayer | [145] | |||
| Amphiphilic starlike dextran | [146] | |||
| PLGA/Glycol chitosan | MRI/SPECT (99mTc) | [147] | ||
| Sol gel | Cationic derivative of chitosan/Hyaluronic acid-Curcumin conjugate | MRI | [148] | |
| Microemulsion | Dextran-b-oligo (amidoamine) | [149] | ||
| Co-precipitation/Cold gelation | Dextran | [60] | ||
| Alkaline co-precipitation in a microfluidic droplet reactor | Dextran | MRI | [150] | |
| USPIOs | Thermal decomposition | Gelatin | MRI | [151] |