Table 5.
Summarization of bio-inspired coating materials for iron oxide cores.
| Magnetic Material |
Synthesis Method for Iron Oxide Core | Polymeric Coating | Applications | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe3O4 | Co-precipitation | PEG | MRI | [178,179] |
| SPECT (111In) | [180] | |||
| PEG diacid (HOOC–PEG–COOH) | MRI | [181] | ||
| PLA/PEG/D-glucosamine | [182] | |||
| Silica | MRI (Gd-DTPA) | [183] | ||
| MRI | [184] | |||
| MPI | [185] | |||
| MRI/PET (11C) | [186] | |||
| Mesoporous Silica | MRI | [187] | ||
| APTES | Tumour imaging agent (99mTc) | [188] | ||
| Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 | Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sodium sulfonate) P(AMPS) | MRI | [189] | |
| Thermal decomposition | PEG | MRI | [190,191,192] | |
| MRI/SPECT (99mTc) | [193] | |||
| MRI/SPECT (125I) | [106,194] | |||
| MRI/PET (68Ga) | [195] | |||
| MRI/PET (64Cu) | [196] | |||
| MRI/PET (71As) | [197] | |||
| SPECT (99mTc) | [174] | |||
| PEG-phosphate | MRI | [198] | ||
| Hydroxyl−PEG−Phosphonic Acid | [199] | |||
| DSPE-mPEG2000/DSPE-mPEG2000 amine | MRI/PET (68Ga) | [200] | ||
| Silica | MRI | [201,202] | ||
| MRI/US | [203] | |||
| Mesoporous Silica | MRI | [202,204] | ||
| MRI/Fluorescence Imaging | [190] | |||
| Silica | MRI/Optical (FITC) | [205] | ||
| Hydrothermal | PEG | MRI/PET (64Cu) | [206] | |
| DPPE-mPEG2000/DSPE-cPEG2000 | SPECT (67Ga) | [207] | ||
| PEI | MRI | [208] | ||
| Silica | [209] | |||
| MPI | [210] | |||
| Solvothermal | Mesoporous Silica | MRI | [211] | |
| Sol gel | Silica | [212] | ||
| Microemulsion | PEG | [213] | ||
| Reduction–precipitation | PEI | [214] | ||
| Polyol | PEG bis(carboxymethyl) ether | [215] | ||
| PEG diacid (HOOC-PEG-COOH) | MRI (Gd) | [216] | ||
| γ-Fe2O3 | Co-precipitation | PEG-based liposome | MRI/PET (68Ga) | [217] |
| Silica | MRI | [218] | ||
| Sol gel | [219] | |||
| IONPs | Co-precipitation | PEG | MRI | [213] |
| PEG-Maleimide | MRI/PET (64Cu) | [220] | ||
| PEG/Terminated polystyrene/Linoleic acid | MRI | [221] | ||
| Poly(4-vinylpyridine)/PEG acrylate | MRI/SPECT (111In) | [222] | ||
| Silica/Silica-PEG | MRI | [223] | ||
| Silica/PEG | MRI/PET (68Ga) | [224] | ||
| MRI/PET-CT (68Ga) | [225] | |||
| Poly(glycerol adipate) | MRI | [226] | ||
| PLGA | SPECT (111In) | [176] | ||
| Thermal decomposition | PEG | MRI | [227,228] | |
| MRI/PET (64Cu)/ Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) |
[229] | |||
| PEG diacrylate | MRI | [230] | ||
| Amine-terminated PEG (NH2-PEG-NH2) | MPI | [231] | ||
| DSPE-PEG-2000 | MRI | [228] | ||
| Mesoporous Silica/PEG | MRI/NIRF | [232] | ||
| PVP | MRI | [233] | ||
| Hydrothermal | Mesoporous Silica | MRI | [234] | |
| Solvothermal | PEG | MRI | [235] | |
| Sol gel | PEI/Silica | MRI | [236] | |
| Reverse microemulsion | Silica | MRI/NIRF | [139] | |
| MRI | [237,238] | |||
| Chemical reduction | ||||
| SPIOs | Co-precipitation | PEG | MRI | [15,239,240,241] |
| PEG/Poly(gallol) | [242] | |||
| PEG/Gallic acid/Dextran | MPI | [130] | ||
| DSPE-mPEG2000 | SPECT (111In) | [243] | ||
| PEI-b-PCL-b-PEG | MRI | [244] | ||
| Silica | Contrast agents in biomedical photoacoustic imaging | [245] | ||
| Mesoporous Silica | MRI/CT/Fluorescence | [246] | ||
| Thermal decomposition | PEG | MRI | [247,248] | |
| MPI | [249] | |||
| PEG methyl ether | MRI | [250] | ||
| Amine-terminated PEG (NH2-PEG) | [251] | |||
| HA/mPEG-succinimidyl succinate | [252] | |||
| Silica | [253] | |||
| MRI/SPECT (125I) | [254] | |||
| MRI/PET (64Cu) | [255] | |||
| Mesoporous Silica | MRI/Optical | [256] | ||
| Silica/Hyaluronic acid (HA) | MRI | [257] | ||
| Sol gel | Silica | [258] | ||
| Polyol | PEG | [259] | ||
| USPIOs | Co-precipitation | Silica/APTMS/AEAPTMS | MRI | [260] |
| Thermal decomposition | PEG | MRI/ SPECT(99mTc) | [261] | |
| Microwave | Phosphonate-PEG (PO-PEG-NH2) | MRI | [262] | |
| Polyol | PEG | MRI/Optical (FITC) | [263] |