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Schematic illustration of drug nephrotoxicity. AG+ aminoglycosides, PL- anionic phospholipids, MC megalin-cubilin, HES hydroxyethyl starch, TF tenofovir, CIS cisplatin, OATorganic anion transporter, OCT organic cation transporter, hMATE humanmultidrug, and toxin extrusion protein transporter, MRP multidrug resistance protein transporter, Pgp P-glucoprotein transporter, ROS reactive oxygen species, TGFβtransforming growth factor-beta, TNF-α transforming growth factor-beta.
