Table 1.

PZT patch parameters [18].

Property	Symbol	Value
Compliance, in plane	s11	15·10−12 Pa−1
Dielectric constant	ε 33	1750·ε0
In-plane induced-strain coefficient	d 31	−175·10−12 m/V
Density	ρ	7700 kg/m3
Mechanical loss factor	η	2%
Electrical loss factor	δ	1%

Note: ε₀ = 8.85 × 10⁻¹² F/m.