AA	amino-acid
aFGF	acidic fibroblast growth factor
ALK1-7	activin receptor-like kinases
Ang	angiopoietin
ANGPTL	angiopoietin-like protein
ApoE	apolipoprotein E
AQP4	aquaporin 4
BBB	blood–brain barrier
BTB	blood–brain tumor barrier
BTRE	brain tumor-related edema
bFGF	basic fibroblast growth factor
BM	bone marrow
BMDCs	bone-marrow-derived cells
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
CNS	central nervous system
CXCL	chemokine C-X-C motif ligand
CXCR	CXC chemokine receptor
CCL	chemokine C-C motif ligand
CCR	CC chemokine receptor
DcR-3	decoy receptor 3
DR-3	death receptor 3
EC	endothelial cells
ECM	extracellular matrix
EGF	epidermal growth factor
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ERK	extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
FGF	fibroblast growth factor
GBM	glioblastoma multiforme
HGF	hepatocyte growth factor
HGG	high-grade gliomas
HIF-1	hypoxia-inducible factor 1
IDH	isocitrate dehydrogenase
IFN	interferon
IL	interleukin
IL-12	interleukin-12
IMG	intussusceptive microvascular growth
ICP	intracranial pressure
ITSs	interstitial/intervascular tissue structures
KDR	kinase domain receptor
LGG	low-grade gliomas
LOH	loss of heterozygosity
LPS	lipopolysaccharides
MIP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
MT-MMP	membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase
NK	natural killer
NO	nitric oxide
NRP1	neuropilin
NVU	neurovascular units
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
PlGF	placental growth factor
PrGBM	primary GBM
SARS-CoV-2	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ScGBM	secondary GBM
sNRP1	soluble form of neuropilin
TAMs	tumor infiltrating macrophages
TEK	endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase
TGF-α	transforming growth factor alpha
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-beta
Tie-1	tyrosine kinase receptors with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domain 1
TIMP	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
TL1A	TNF-like ligand 1A
TMZ	temozolomide
TNFSF15	TNF superfamily member 15
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TβRIII	type III TGF-β co-receptor
uPA	urokinase-type plasminogen activator
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFR-1	receptor 1 for VEGF
VEGFR-2	VEGF receptor-2
VEGI	vascular endothelial growth inhibitor
VM	vascular mimicry
vSMCs	vascular smooth muscle cells
WHO	World Health Organization