Table 1.
List of in vivo studies investigating the antitumor efficacy of tTF-NGR in tumor models of various histological origin (collected data from tTF-NGR Investigator’s Brochure).
|
Xenograft Model
(Cell Line/ Mouse Strain nu/nu) |
Histology
(Human) |
No. of Experim.
with ≥ 5 Mice/Group |
Therapeutic
Effect a (+/−) |
Imaging
Effect b (+/−) |
| A549/BALB-c | lung adenocarcinoma | 1 | + | n.e. |
| A549/CD-1 | lung adenocarcinoma | 3 | + (3x) | n.e. |
| HTB119/CD-1 | small-cell lung carcinoma | 2 | + (2x) | n.e. |
| HT1080/BALB-c | fibrosarcoma | 2 | + (2x) | + |
| HT1080/CD-1 | fibrosarcoma | 37 c | + (29x) | + |
| M21/BALB-c | melanoma | 6 | + (6x) | n.e. |
| M21/CD-1 | melanoma | 5 | + (4x) | n.e. |
| MCF-1/CD-1 | breast carcinoma | 1 | + | n.e. |
| MDA-MB-435/BALB-c | melanoma | 2 | + (2x) | + |
| SKBR3/CD-1 | breast carcinoma | 5 | + (4x) | + |
| U87/CD-1 | glioblastoma | 4 | + (4x) | + |
|
Syngeneic Mouse Tumor Model
(Cell Line/Mouse Strain) |
Histology
(Murine) |
No. of Experim.
with ≥ 5 Mice/Group |
Therapeutic
Effect a (+/−) |
Imaging
Effect b (+/−) |
| B-16/C57BL6 | melanoma | 2 | + (2x) d | + d |
| LLC/C57BL6 | lung carcinoma | 1 | (-) | n.e. |
+ indicates experiments with significant (Mann–Whitney test) tumor growth retardation or regression by tTF-NGR in comparison to controls; −, no obvious therapeutic effects; n.e., not examined; a, negative therapy results often occurred due to suboptimal test conditions like underdosage, tardy/late therapy effects, fast growing tumor entities etc.; b, e.g., reduction of blood flow or vessel occlusion, observed by various imaging methods (contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CEUS; fluorescence reflectance imaging, FRI; magnetic resonance tomography, MRT; single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT); c, three triple-combination experiments with Avastin, Doxorubicin, and tTF-NGR (1x +, 2x −) were excluded due to suboptimal study design; d, inhibition of lung metastasis (clinically, then by imaging and post mortem examination).