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. 2021 May 31;12:683879. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683879

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Copyright © 2021 He, Wu, Zhang, Li, Ye, Li, Chen, Peng, Hardeland and Xia

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The bacteriostatic mechanisms of melatonin in plants. Antibacterial mechanisms against plant pathogenic bacteria are characterized by up-regulation of defense genes such as plant defensin1.2 (PDF1.2), plant resistance 1/2/5 (PR1/2/5), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 6 (ACS6) through several signal transduction pathways, including augmentation of NO levels in plants, which collaborates with melatonin in up-regulating SA. Moreover, melatonin can stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) cascades, which in turn up-regulate SA biosynthesis gene isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1). Additionally, high cell wall invertase (CWI) activity within melatonin-treated Arabidopsis leads to improved cell wall strengthening and callose-depositing factors (cellulose, xylose, and galactose).