Table 1.

The antibacterial action of melatonin in vitro on different bacteria.

Bacteria	Dosage	Time	Effects	Ref.
Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa	31.25 or 125 μg/mL (0.13 or 0.53 mM)	24 or 48 h	Inhibition of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa growth	(54)
Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii	31.25 or125 μg/mL (0.13 or 0.53 mM)	24 or 48h	Inhibition of crbapenem-resistant A. baumannii growth	(54)
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus	125 or 250 μg/mL (0.53 or 1.07 mM)	24 or 48h	Inhibition of methicillin-resistant S. aureus growth	(54)
S. aureus ATCC 29123	125 or 250 μg/mL (0.53 or 1.07 mM)	24 or 48h	Inhibition of S. aureus (ATCC 29123) growth	(54)
P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853	125 or 250 μg/mL (0.53 or 1.07 mM)	24 or 48h	Inhibition of P.aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) growth	(54)
M. tuberculosis H37Rv	26.0 nM 0.01 to 10 mM	unknown	Inhibition of M. tuberculosis H37Rv growth The antibacterial efficacy of melatonin with isoniazid increased at least a threefold	(92)
M. tuberculosis bovis BCG	0.13 to 10 mM	unknown	Inhibitin of M. bovis BCG growth	(92)
Multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis (TBRI 40 and TBRI 204)	0.01 to 10 mM	unknown	Inhibition of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis (TBRI 40 and TBRI 204) growth	(92)
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo)	200 μg/mL	12, 21 or 24 h	Inhibition of Xoo proliferation, motility and biofilm formation Alteration of Xoo cells length Downregulation of mRNA expression of genes involved in cell division, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism	(119)
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola Xoc)	200 μg/mL	24 h	Inhibition of Xoc growth, the motility and biofilm formation Reduction of mRNA expression of genes related to toxin and cell division	(120)

P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; A. baumannii, Acinetobacter baumannii; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; B. anthracis, Bacillus anthracis.