Table 1.

FDG PET Assessment of Melanoma Tumor Response and Prognosis

Author	Date	N	Treatment(s)	Time Points	Follow-Up	Outcome	Conclusions
Sachpekidi⁴⁰	2014	22	Ipi	Base, 2 cycles, 4 cycles	5–25 mo	PFS, OS, EORTC	Response at cycle 2 PET corresponds to cycle 4 outcome
Breki¹⁰¹	2016	31	Ipi	Base, 2 cycles, 4 cycles	NS	TO	Fractal dimension has potential as a predictive marker of ICI response
Cho⁴²	2017	20	Ipi, Nivo, BMS	Base, 3–4 wk, 4 mo	10–184 wk	BOR	PERCIST and RECIST at 3–4 wk corresponds to BOR
Seith¹⁰²	2018	10	Nivo, Pembro	Base, 2 wk, 3 mo	148–814 days	PFS, OS	Status at week 2 may predict long term response
Anwar⁴⁵	2018	41	Ipi	End of Therapy	Median 21.4 mo (6.3–41.9)	BCR	PERCIMT criteria—new lesions with cut-off threshold for size and number as PD
Sachpekidis¹⁰³	2018	25	Ipi	Base, 2 cycles, end of Tx (4 cycles)	Mean 59 wk (16–153)	BCR	PERCIMT criteria correlates with clinical outcome vs. quant. PET parameters
Sachpekidis¹⁰⁴	2018	41	Ipi	Base, 2 cycles	21.4 mo (6.3–41.9)	BCR	PERCIMT criteria more sensitive than EORTC criteria
Tan⁴⁴	2018	104	Nivo, Pembro	1 year	Median 30.1 mo	PFS	Patients with CMR at 1 year have ongoing response to therapy
Sachpekidis¹⁰⁵	2019	16	Ipi	Base, 2 cycles, end of Tx (4 cycles)	0.1–63.3 mo	PFS	Pts with AEs have longer PFS
Sachpekidis¹⁰⁶	2019	41	Ipi	Base, 2 cycles, end of Tx (4 cycles)	Median 21.4 mo (6.3–41.9)	BCR	Mediastinal lymph node activation assoc. with disease control
Ito⁴³	2019	60	Ipi	Base, end of Tx (Median 12.2 wk; 1.0–11.1)	Median 14.9 mo (2.6–68.0)	OS	Response by PERCIST assoc. with OS. New FDG avid lesions not assoc. with OS
Ito⁴⁸	2019	142	Ipi	Base	Median 14.7 mo (10.4–18.9)	OS	Baseline MTV assoc. with OS
Nobashi¹⁰⁷	2019	21^*	Ipi, Nivo, Pembro	Base, end of Tx (91 ± 38 days)	Median 378 days (97–1544)	BOR	Decreased tumor burden at 1st restaging assoc. with CB at 1 year
Sanil¹⁰⁸	2019	34	NS	Base	Median 29.5 mo (3–288)	PFS, OS	Tumor heterogeneity index assoc. with OS
Amrane¹⁰⁹	2019	37	Ipi, Nivo, Pembro	Base, 14 wk	22.5 – 42.8 mo	PFS, OS	PET response by iRECIST or PERCIST correlates with PFS, OS
Seban⁴⁹	2019	55	NS (anti-PD-1)	Base	Median 20.7 mo (1.0–72.6)	PFS, OS, BOR	Low TLG correlates to prolonged PFS, OS.
Annovazzi⁴⁶	2020	57	Ipi, Nivo, Pembro	Base, 12–18 wk	6 mo	Clinical benefit	PET at 3–4 mo predicts outcome at 6 mo. Similar performance of MTV, PERCIMT, EORTC, TLG criteria

Ipi, ipilimumab; Nivo, nivolumab; Pembro, pemborlizumab; BMS, BMS-936559; NS, not specified; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy; PD, progressive disease; Base, Baseline prior to therapy; wk, weeks; mo, months; Tx, treatment; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; TO, therapeutic outcome; BOR, best overall response; BCR, best clinical response; PD, progressive disease; PERCIMT, PET Response Evaluation Criteria for Immunotherapy; EORTC, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer; MTV, metabolic tumor volume; TLG, total lesion glycolysis.

21 of 40 were melanoma; follow-up for entire cohort.