Table 2.
FDG PET Findings of Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAE)
| irAE | Author | N | FDG PET Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colitis | Barina et al110 | 86 | Elevated uptake in a portion of, or throughout, the colon. Inflammation may be focal or diffuse. Inflammation can also involve other parts of the GI tract (esophagitis, gastritis, ileitis) |
| Lang et al60 | 100 | ||
| Iravani et al59 | 5 | ||
| Wachsmann et al111 | 1 | ||
| Gandy et al112 | 2 | ||
| Bronstein et al71 | 1 | ||
| Hepatitis | Raad et al113 | 1 | Elevated diffuse or focal uptake throughout the liver. |
| Iravani et al59 | 1 | ||
| Pneumonitis | Raad et al113 | 1 | Elevated lung uptake. Appearance can be focal (organizing pattern), or diffuse (ground glass opacity pattern, hypersensitivity pattern), and my only involve parts of the lung (interstitial pattern) |
| Garcia-Gomez et al114 | 1 | ||
| Razzouk-Cadet et al62 | 1 | ||
| Iravani et al59 | 4 | ||
| Gandy et al112 | 1 | ||
| Sarcoidosis | Tirumani et al67 | 1 | Elevated bilateral uptake in mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. May also include enlargement of existing nodes or appearance of new nodes on CT. |
| Zhang et al115 | 1 | ||
| Iravani et al59 | 2 | ||
| Gandy et al112 | 1 | ||
| Pancreatitis | Alabed et al116 | 1 | Diffuse elevated pancreatic uptake. |
| Das et al117 | 1 | ||
| Wachsmann et al111 | 1 | ||
| Iravani et al59 | 1 | ||
| Gandy et al112 | 1 | ||
| Hypophysitis | Wachsmann et al111 | 1 | Elevated focal uptake in the pituitary. Assessment may be difficult due to normal brain uptake. |
| Iravani et al59 | 1 | ||
| Gandy et al112 | 1 | ||
| Bronstein et al71 | 1 | ||
| Thymic hyperplasia | Mencel et al118 | 2 | Elevated diffuse uptake in the thymus. |
| Fasciitis | Bronstein et al71 | 1 | Elevated diffuse uptake in fascia. |
| Myositis | Iravani et al59 | 1 | Elevated diffuse uptake in muscle. |
| Bronstein et al71 | 1 | ||
| Zimmer et al72 | 1 | ||
| Arthritis/arthropathy | Iravani et al59 | 1 | Elevated uptake in joints. |
| Gandy et al112 | 1 | ||
| Nephritis | Qualls et al73 | 1 | Marked increased uptake in the renal cortex. |
N are number of patients assessed with 18F-FDG PET in each study. This may be less than the total number of patients analyzed.