Fig. 2.

Outline of common ICL repair pathways. ICLs are denoted by the red lines, newly synthesized DNA is shown in grey, and RNA is green. In the ICL traverse pathway, the replisome encounters an ICL but can bypass it (dashed grey line). Subsequently, one or more nucleases act on the ICL, generating a substrate for HR and NER. The replication coupled pathway is the canonical FA pathway. In the TCR pathway, RNA polymerase (RNA POL) encounters the ICL. See the main text for additional details.