TABLE 3.

Clinical qualitative factors affecting diagnostic yield

Variables	Nonfluoroscopy group (N = 60)	p‐value	Fluoroscopy group (N = 60)	p‐value	p‐value
Lobar location
Right upper lobe	19/22 (86.4)	0.24	20/24 (83.3)	0.21	1.00
Right middle lobe	2/3 (66.7)		5/5 (100)		0.38
Right lower lobe	11/14 (78.6)		5/5 (100)		0.53
Left upper segment	5/10 (50.0)		11/14 (82.4)		0.20
Left lingular segment	3/6 (50.0)		3/3(100)		0.46
Left lower lobe	4/5 (80.0)		5/9 (55.6)		0.58
Lesion size
≥30 mm	14/21 (66.7)	0.54	21/24 (87.5)	0.50	0.14
<30 mm	30/39 (76.9)		28/36 (77.8)		1.00
Lesion size
≥20 mm	34/43 (79.1)	0.11	38/45 (84.4)	0.44	0.59
<20 mm	10/17 (58.8)		11/15 (73.3)		0.47
Lesion location from the hilum
Central	8/10 (80.0)	0.86	10/11 (90.9)	0.14	0.59
Intermediate	24/33 (72.7)		27/31 (87.1)		0.22
Peripheral	12/17 (70.59)		12/18 (66.7)		1.00
Bronchus sign on CT
Leading to	39/54 (72.2)	1.00	46/56 (82.1)	0.57	0.26
Adjacent to	5/6 (83.3)		3/4 (75.0)		1.00
Appearance on CT
Solid	43/57 (75.4)	0.17	49/59 (83.1)	0.18	0.36
Part‐solid	1/3 (33.3)		0/1 (0)		1.00
Bronchial generation of the lesion
≤5	30/37(81.1)	0.13	36/41(87.8)	0.09	0.53
>5	14/23 (60.87)		13/19 (68.4)		0.75
Location of probe in relation to the lesion confirmed by R‐EBUS
Within	39/50 (78.0)	0.11	45/54 (83.3)	0.30	0.62
Not within	5/10 a (50.0)		4/6 b (66.7)		0.63
Bronchial generation of bronchoscope
≤5	38/47 (80.9)	0.03	43/50 (86.0)	0.07	0.59
>5	6/13 (46.2)		6/10 (60.0)		0.68
Final diagnosis
Benign	9/14 (64.3)	0.49	3/6 (50.0)	0.07	0.64
Malignant	35/46 (76.1)		46/54 (85.2)		0.31
Overall diagnostic yield	44/60 (73.3)		49/60 (81.7)		0.38

Note: Data are presented as the number with a positive result/number examined (%).

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; EBUS, endobronchial ultrasound.

^aAdjacent to and invisible were present in nine and one lesions, respectively.

^bAdjacent to was present in all the six lesions.