TABLE 3.

Summary of Afferent nerve-intestinal immunity manifestations in different diseases.

Disorder	Alterations of intestinal mucosal barrier	Intestinal immune/inflammatory responses	References
IBD	Ileum M cell ↑	Inhibit CD11c+ DCs proliferation;	Lai et al. (2019), de Jong et al. (2015)
	Inhibit bacteria translocation	IL-22 level ↑	Ramirez et al. (2020)
	Secretion AMP ↑	T Cell recruitment ↑
	Activate HPA axis release GC		Bonaz et al. (2017)
IBS	Injury to gastric mucosal tissue	Degranulation of mast cell	Xu et al. (2018)