TABLE 1.
Rats’ body composition parameters.
9 days |
21 days |
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CTRL | COLD | HYPO | COHY | CTRL | COLD | HYPO | COHY | |
n = 14 | n = 15 | n = 11 | n = 16 | n = 14 | n = 13 | n = 11 | n = 14 | |
BW (Δ%) | 24.8 ± 1.2 | 22.6 ± 1.7 | 18.7 ± 1.5* | 16.5 ± 1.6**# | 41.7 ± 3.2 | 48.9 ± 1.9* | 37.7 ± 2.6## | 36.1 ± 1.9## |
Muscle (GAS+TA)/ 100 g BW | 1.68 ± 0.01 | 1.64 ± 0.03 | 1.80 ± 0.09**## | 1.74 ± 0.03 | 2.62 ± 0.04 | 3.08 ± 0.0** | 3.35 ± 0.11**## | 3.01 ± 0.06**$$ |
PAT/BW (mg/g) | 8.98 ± 0.41 | 8.13 ± 0.37 | 7.81 ± 0.46 | 8.47 ± 0.62 | 10.00 ± 0.39 | 10.07 ± 0.37 | 8.38 ± 0.38*# | 10.3 ± 0.43$ |
BAT/BW (mg/g) | 1.31 ± 0.08 | 1.73 ± 0.10** | 0.76 ± 0.04**## | 1.43 ± 0.04#$$ | 1.12 ± 0.06 | 1.38 ± 0.05* | 0.89 ± 0.03*## | 1.33 ± 0.27*$$ |
Diaphragm/BW (mg/g) | 1.93 ± 0.05 | 1.90 ± 0.05 | 1.80 ± 0.04 | 1.74 ± 0.13 | 1.81 ± 0.08 | 1.82 ± 0.05 | 1.83 ± 0.09 | 2.03 ± 0.10 |
Heart/BW (mg/g) | 3.35 ± 0.04 | 3.34 ± 0.06 | 3.48 ± 0.10 | 3.43 ± 0.07 | 3.37 ± 0.08 | 3.41 ± 0.10 | 3.40 ± 0.07 | 3.59 ± 0.07 |
Right ventricle/total heart (%) | 24.4 ± 0.8 | 25.0 ± 0.7 | 28.3 ± 1.4*# | 24.5 ± 0.5$ | 25.6 ± 1.2 | 26.3 ± 1.2 | 28.8 ± 0.8 | 26.4 ± 0.9 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard error. BW, body weight; GAS, gastrocnemius muscle; TA, tibialis anterior muscle; PAT, perigonadal adipose tissue; BAT, brown adipose tissue. CTRL, control; COLD, intermittent cold; HYPO, intermittent hypoxia; COHY, intermittent cold + hypoxia. Statistically significant differences are indicated as follows: *p < 0.05 vs. CTRL, **p < 0.001 vs. CTRL, #p < 0.05 vs. COLD, ##p < 0.001 vs. COLD, $p < 0.05 vs. HYPO, $$p < 0.001 vs. HYPO.