Table 2.
General characteristics of the cases and matched controls by category of infection and gender
| Community-acquired infection | Healthcare-associated infectiona | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (N = 5268) | Women (N = 7668) | Men (N = 3170) | Women (N = 2540) | |||||
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 71.1 (15.2) | 71.1 (15.2) | 67.8 (22.0) | 67.8 (22.0) | 75.1 (12.6) | 75.1 (12.6) | 74.5 (17.3) | 74.5 (17.3) |
| Median (IQ) | 73.0 (21.0) | 73.0 (21.0) | 75.0 (33.0) | 75.0 (33.0) | 77.0 (18.0) | 77.0 (18.0) | 80.0 (21.0) | 80.0 (21.0) |
| Diagnoses | ||||||||
| Tubulo-interstitial nephritis | 368 (14.0) | 368 (14.0) | 2351 (61.3) | 2351 (61.3) | 266 (16.7) | 266 (16.7) | 677 (53.3) | 677 (53.3) |
| Pyelonephritis | 23 (0.9) | 23 (0.9) | 92 (2.4) | 92 (2.4) | 10 (0.6) | 10 (0.6) | 33 (2.6) | 33 (2.6) |
| Renal and perirenal abscess | 55 (2.1) | 55 (2.1) | 136 (3.5) | 136 (3.5) | 39 (2.5) | 39 (2.5) | 39 (3.1) | 39 (3.1) |
| Cystitis | 95 (3.6) | 95 (3.6) | 359 (9.4) | 359 (9.4) | 91 (5.7) | 91 (5.7) | 151 (11.9) | 151 (11.9) |
| Unspecified UTI | 527 (20.2) | 527 (20.2) | 796 (20.8) | 796 (20.8) | 482 (30.4) | 482 (30.4) | 350 (27.6) | 350 (27.6) |
| Prostatitis | 1547 (58.7) | 1547 (58.7) | – | – | 675 (42.6) | 675 (42.6) | – | – |
| Due to urinary device | 19 (0.7) | 19 (0.7) | 7 (0.2) | 7 (0.2) | 22 (1.4) | 22 (1.4) | 9 (0.7) | 9 (0.7) |
| During pregnancy | – | – | 93 (2.4) | 93 (2.4) | – | – | 11 (0.8) | 11 (0.8) |
| Bacteria | ||||||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 173 (6.6) | 173 (6.6) | 73 (1.9) | 73 (1.9) | 151 (9.5) | 151 (9.5) | 32 (2.5) | 32 (2.5) |
| Escherichia coli | 1996 (75.8) | 1996 (75.8) | 3343 (87.2) | 3343 (87.2) | 887 (56.0) | 887 (56.0) | 1006 (79.2) | 1006 (79.2) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 351 (13.3) | 351 (13.3) | 349 (9.1) | 349 (9.1) | 397 (25.0) | 397 (25.0) | 185 (14.6) | 185 (14.6) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 82 (3.1) | 82 (3.1) | 43 (1.1) | 43 (1.1) | 102 (6.4) | 102 (6.4) | 27 (2.1) | 27 (2.1) |
| Enterococcus | 32 (1.2) | 32 (1.2) | 26 (0.7) | 26 (0.7) | 48 (3.0) | 48 (3.0) | 20 (1.6) | 20 (1.6) |
| Hospital length of stay | ||||||||
| < 7 days | 1707 (64.8) | 1948 (73.6) | 2371 (61.8) | 2672 (69.7) | 865 (54.6) | 1036 (65.4) | 664 (51.5) | 774 (60.9) |
| 7–30 days | 899 (34.1) | 679 (25.8) | 1426 (37.2) | 1145 (29.9) | 682 (43.0) | 535 (33.7) | 596 (46.9) | 486 (38.3) |
| > 30 days | 28 (1.1) | 17 (0.6) | 37 (1.0) | 17 (0.4) | 38 (2.4) | 14 (0.9) | 20 (1.6) | 10 (0.8) |
Abbreviations: UTI urinary tract infection
a Infection with at least one prior hospitalization (any cause except UTI) in the last 3 months