Table 1.
Overview of included studies
| Author, year | Sepsis criterion | Number of patients | Number of deaths | Biomarker 1 | Biomarker 2 | Biomarker 3 | Clinical score 1 | Clinical score 2 | AUC | Hosmer-Lemeshow | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yu, 2019 [20] | Signs of systemic infection | 1318 | 178 | PCT | qSOFA | 0.73 | ||||||||
| CRP | qSOFA | 0.69 | ||||||||||||
| Yamamoto, 2015 [21] | Blood cultures drawn as surrogate marker of suspected sepsis | 1262 | 106 | CRP | CURB65 | 0.77 | 0.607 | |||||||
| Liu, 2013 [22] | Sepsis-2 | 859 | Unknown | Presepsin | MEDS | 0.731 | ||||||||
| Presepsin | APACHE-2 | 0.734 | ||||||||||||
| Zhang, 2014 [23] | Sepsis-2 | 680 | 137 | Copeptin | MEDS | 0.851 | ||||||||
| Cortisol | MEDS | 0.833 | ||||||||||||
| PCT | Cortisol | Copeptin | MEDS | 0.891 | ||||||||||
| Chen, 2014 [24] | Sepsis-2 | 680 | 178 | Lactate | MEDS | 0.81 | ||||||||
| Lactate | APACHE-2 | 0.81 | ||||||||||||
| Lactate | SOFA | 0.82 | ||||||||||||
| Yin, 2013 [25] | Sepsis-2 | 680 | 225 | sTM | MEDS | 0.805 | 74.2 | 71.9 | 56.6 | 84.9 | ||||
| Zhao, 2018 [26] | Sepsis-2 | 655 | 126 | PCT | sPD-1 | MEDS | 0.843 | 0.824 | 81.6 | 83.4 | 71.7 | 89.8 | ||
| PCT | MEDS | 0.792 | 0.631 | |||||||||||
| sPD-1 | MEDS | 0.829 | 0.892 | |||||||||||
| Niño, 2017 [27] | Sepsis-2 | 563 | 68 | TIMP1 | MMP9 | CHARLSON | SOFA | 0.838 | 0.2449 | |||||
| Zhao, 2013 [28] | Sepsis-2 | 501 | 134 | PCT | MEDS | 0.813 | 67.2 | 81.2 | 56.6 | 87.1 | ||||
| Zhang, 2016 [29] | Sepsis-2 | 480 | 183 | IgE | APACHE-2 | 0.8 | ||||||||
| IgE | SOFA | 0.781 | ||||||||||||
| IgE | MEDS | 0.89 | ||||||||||||
| Wang, 2014 [30] | Sepsis-2 | 480 | 137 | NGAL | MEDS | 0.858 | ||||||||
| TIMP-1 | MEDS | 0.882 | ||||||||||||
| PCT | MEDS | 0.782 | ||||||||||||
| Henning, 2019 [31] | Sepsis-2 | 314 | 31 | Angiopoientin-2 | IL-6 | 0.72 | ||||||||
| Chen, 2014 [32] | Sepsis-2 | 295 | 78 | H-FABP | MEDS | 0.853 | ||||||||
| H-FABP | APACHE-2 | 0.826 | ||||||||||||
| Troponine-I | APACHE-2 | 0.811 | ||||||||||||
| Troponine-I | MEDS | 0.825 | ||||||||||||
| Duplessis, 2018 [33] | Sepsis-2 | 203 | 13 | Nucleosomes | APACHE-2 | 0.84 | ||||||||
| Cell free DNA | APACHE-2 | 0.81 | ||||||||||||
| Kofoed, 2008 [34] | Sepsis-2 | 161 | 9 | suPAR | sTREM-1 | SAPS-2 | 0.89 | |||||||
| suPAR | SAPS-2 | 0.93 | ||||||||||||
| Viallon, 2008 [35] | Sepsis-2 | 131 | 23 | PCT | IL-6 | Lactate | SAPS-2 | 0.939 | ||||||
| Carpio, 2015 [36] | Sepsis-2 | 114 | 48 | Presepsin | MEDS | 0.878 | ||||||||
| Song, 2019 [37] | Sepsis-3 | 113 | 13 | IL-6 | PTX3 | 0.637 | 82.7 | 71.1 |
Scoring systems. qSOFA quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, MEDS Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis, APACHE-2 Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SAPS-2 Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2
PCT Procalcitonin, CRP C-reactive protein, sTM soluble thrombomodulin, sPD-1 soluble programmed death 1, TIMP-1 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, MMP9 Matrix metallopeptidase 9, NGAL Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, IL-6 interleukin-6, H-FABT heart fatty acid binding protein, suPAR soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, PTX3 Pentraxin 3