Table 3.

Multivariable-adjusted associations of VAT, SAT, and LBF with left ventricular peak systolic strain stratified by body mass index

	Nonobese		Obese
	Std. beta	P-value	Std. beta	P-value
VAT	0.16	0.056	0.01	0.849
SAT	0.16	0.205	− 0.10	0.377
LBF	-0.16	0.117	− 0.22	0.058

Multivariable adjusted linear regression models for VAT, SAT, LBF (independent variables) and Ecc (dependent variable) stratified by BMI. Nonobese defined as BMI ≤ 30 m/kg². Obese defined as > 30 kg/m². Model adjusts for age, sex, race, smoking, fasting glucose, diabetes status, hypertension status, systolic blood pressure, lean body mass, CRF, and LV parameters (LV mass, LVEF), and includes VAT, SAT, and LBF in the same model

Standardized beta estimate represents change in the outcome of interest per 1-SD increase in the primary exposure variable keeping other covariates fixed. VAT visceral adipose tissue, SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue, LBF lower-body fat, peak systolic circumferential strain (Ecc), left ventricular systolic strain; BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular disease, CRF cardiorespiratory fitness, LV left ventricular, EF ejection fraction