Table 1.
Characteristics for hospitalised patients with Gram-negative UTIs according to presence of bacteraemia and carbapenem resistance
| Characteristic | Overall, N = 47,496 | With bacteraemia, n = 11,629 | Without bacteraemia, n = 35,867 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR, n = 2076 | CS, n = 45,420 | P value | CR, n = 201 | CS, n = 11,428 | P value | CR, n = 1875 | CS, n = 33,992 | P value | |
| Age, years | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 69.1 (15.36) | 68.9 (16.7) | 0.563 | 68.6 (14.88) | 68.34 (15.88) | 0.816 | 69.15 (15.41) | 69.09 (16.91) | 0.859 |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 71 (61.0–81.0) | 72 (60.0–82.0) | 0.335 | 70 (63.0–80.0) | 70 (59.0–81.0) | 0.962 | 71 (60.0–81.0) | 72 (60.0–83.0) | 0.111 |
| Minimum, Maximum | 18, 89 | 18, 89 | 19, 89 | 18, 89 | 18, 89 | 18, 89 | |||
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||||
| Female | 968 (46.6) | 30,479 (67.1) | < 0.001 | 77 (38.3) | 6679 (58.4) | < 0.001 | 891 (47.5) | 23,800 (70.0) | < 0.001 |
| Male | 1108 (53.4) | 14,941 (32.9) | 124 (61.7) | 4749 (41.6) | 984 (52.5) | 10,192 (30.0) | |||
| Race, n (%) | |||||||||
| White | 1597 (76.9) | 33,861 (74.6) | < 0.001 | 155 (77.1) | 8190 (71.7) | 0.073 | 1442 (76.9) | 25,671 (75.5) | 0.004 |
| Black | 319 (15.4) | 6570 (14.5) | 31 (15.4) | 1706 (14.9) | 288 (15.4) | 4864 (14.3) | |||
| Other | 151 (7.3) | 4527 (10.0) | 15 (7.5) | 1388 (12.1) | 136 (7.3) | 3139 (9.2) | |||
| Unable to determine | 9 (0.4) | 462 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 144 (1.3) | 9 (0.5) | 318 (0.9) | |||
| Admission source, n (%) | |||||||||
| Non-healthcare facility point of origin | 1481 (71.3) | 34,750 (76.5) | < 0.001 | 136 (67.7) | 9133 (79.9) | < 0.001 | 1345 (71.7) | 25,617 (75.4) | 0.002 |
| Transfer from other facility/hospital | 214 (10.3) | 3970 (8.7) | 19 (9.5) | 720 (6.3) | 195 (10.4) | 3250 (9.6) | |||
| Transfer from SNF/ intermediate care facility (clinic) | 308 (14.8) | 5499 (12.1) | 37 (18.4) | 1217 (10.7) | 271 (14.5) | 4282 (12.6) | |||
| Other/unavailable | 73 (3.5) | 1201 (2.6) | 9 (4.5) | 358 (3.1) | 64 (3.4) | 843 (2.5) | |||
| Admission type, n (%) | |||||||||
| Elective | 154 (7.4) | 2844 (6.3) | < 0.001 | 13 (6.5) | 379 (3.3) | 0.015 | 141 (7.5) | 2465 (7.3) | 0.022 |
| Emergency | 1664 (80.2) | 38,227 (84.2) | 166 (82.6) | 10,233 (89.5) | 1498 (79.9) | 27,994 (82.4) | |||
| Trauma centre | 8 (0.4) | 191 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (0.2) | 8 (0.4) | 174 (0.5) | |||
| Urgent | 245 (11.8) | 4042 (8.9) | 22 (10.9) | 781 (6.8) | 223 (11.9) | 3261 (9.6) | |||
| Information not available | 5 (0.2) | 116 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (0.2) | 5 (0.3) | 98 (0.3) | |||
| Baseline CCI Score | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.5 (2.6) | 2.9 (2.5) | < 0.001 | 3.3 (2.7) | 2.7 (2.5) | 0.002 | 4.0 (2.6) | 3.0 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 3 (2.0–5.0) | 2 (1.0–4.0) | < 0.001 | 3 (2.0–5.0) | 2 (1.0–4.0) | 0.001 | 3 (2.0–5.0) | 2 (1.0–4.0) | < 0.001 |
| Minimum, Maximum | 0, 15 | 0, 18 | 0, 13 | 0, 17 | 0, 15 | 0, 18 | |||
| Total number of patients with at least one comorbidity, n (%) | 1874 (90) | 38,176 (84) | < 0.001 | 174 (87) | 9378 (82) | 0.098 | 1700 (91) | 28,798 (85) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline Charlson comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||
| Renal disease | 783 (37.7) | 13,423 (29.6) | < 0.001 | 76 (37.8) | 3387 (29.6) | 0.012 | 707 (37.7) | 10,036 (29.5) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 680 (32.8) | 12,712 (28.0) | < 0.001 | 47 (23.4) | 2554 (22.4) | 0.727 | 633 (33.8) | 10,158 (29.9) | < 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 651 (31.4) | 12,161 (26.8) | < 0.001 | 48 (23.9) | 2544 (22.3) | 0.584 | 603 (32.2) | 9617 (28.3) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 277 (13.3) | 4680 (10.3) | < 0.001 | 18 (9.0) | 911 (8.0) | 0.610 | 259 (13.8) | 3769 (11.1) | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 248 (12.0) | 4771 (10.5) | 0.037 | 21 (10.5) | 847 (7.4) | 0.104 | 227 (12.1) | 3924 (11.5) | 0.458 |
| Myocardial infarction | 222 (10.7) | 5284 (11.6) | 0.191 | 21 (10.5) | 1392 (12.2) | 0.456 | 201 (10.7) | 3892 (11.4) | 0.333 |
| Diabetes without chronic complication | 681 (32.8) | 15,043 (33.1) | 0.765 | 62 (30.9) | 3913 (34.2) | 0.314 | 619 (33.0) | 11,130 (32.7) | 0.808 |
| Diabetes with chronic complication | 289 (13.9) | 4996 (11.0) | < 0.001 | 21 (10.5) | 1217 (10.7) | 0.927 | 268 (14.3) | 3779 (11.1) | < 0.001 |
| Mild liver disease | 121 (5.8) | 2916 (6.4) | 0.281 | 10 (5.0) | 870 (7.6) | 0.161 | 111 (5.9) | 2046 (6.0) | 0.861 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 52 (2.5) | 930 (2.1) | 0.152 | 7 (3.5) | 240 (2.1) | 0.178 | 45 (2.4) | 690 (2.0) | 0.271 |
| Dementia | 272 (13.1) | 5333 (11.7) | 0.060 | 25 (12.4) | 1205 (10.5) | 0.387 | 247 (13.2) | 4128 (12.1) | 0.185 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 330 (15.9) | 2469 (5.4) | < 0.001 | 29 (14.4) | 413 (3.6) | 0.000 | 301 (16.1) | 2056 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
| Rheumatic disease | 85 (4.1) | 1987 (4.4) | 0.541 | 8 (4.0) | 489 (4.3) | 0.835 | 77 (4.1) | 1498 (4.4) | 0.537 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 33 (1.6) | 793 (1.8) | 0.594 | 3 (1.5) | 156 (1.4) | 0.877 | 30 (1.6) | 637 (1.9) | 0.393 |
| Any malignancy | 209 (10.1) | 4548 (10.0) | 0.936 | 23 (11.4) | 1170 (10.2) | 0.577 | 186 (9.9) | 3378 (9.9) | 0.980 |
| Metastatic solid tumour | 111 (5.4) | 1967 (4.3) | 0.027 | 11 (5.5) | 484 (4.2) | 0.389 | 100 (5.3) | 1483 (4.4) | 0.046 |
| AIDS/HIV | 6 (0.3) | 158 (0.4) | 0.655 | 2 (1.0) | 49 (0.4) | 0.228 | 4 (0.2) | 109 (0.3) | 0.419 |
AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, CR Carbapenem resistant, CS Carbapenem susceptible, HIV Human immune-deficiency virus, SD Standard deviation, SNF Skilled nursing facility, UTI Urinary tract infection