Table 2.
Time to UTIs and lengths of stay according to presence of bacteraemia and carbapenem resistance
| Characteristic | Overall, N = 47,496 | With bacteraemia, n = 11,629 | Without bacteraemia, n = 35,867 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR, n = 2076 | CS, n = 45,420 | P value | CR, n = 201 | CS, n = 11,428 | P value | CR, n = 1875 | CS, n = 33,992 | P value | |
| Time between admission and index culture, days | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.6 (10.9) | 2.1 (9.3) | < 0.001 | 5.1 (13.8) | 1.5 (3.9) | < 0.001 | 3.5 (10.5) | 2.3 (10.5) | < 0.001 |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 1 (1.0–2.0) | 1 (1.0–1.0) | < 0.001 | 1 (1.0–1.0) | 1 (1.0–1.0) | < 0.001 | 1 (1.0–2.0) | 1 (1.0–1.0) | < 0.001 |
| 1 day prior to admission, n (%) | 186 (9.0) | 4285 (9.4) | < 0.001 | 23 (11.4) | 1256 (11.0) | < 0.001 | 163 (8.7) | 3029 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
| Same day as admission, n (%) | 1300 (62.6) | 31,927 (70.3) | 139 (69.2) | 9409 (82.3) | 1161 (61.9) | 22,518 (66.2) | |||
| Overall LOSa, days | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 12.5 (23.8) | 9.3 (23.0) | < 0.001 | 18.0 (25.0) | 9.1 (11.8) | < 0.001 | 11.9 (23.6) | 9.4 (25.7) | < 0.001 |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 8 (5.0–12.0) | 6 (4.0–10.0) | < 0.001 | 9 (6.0–16.0) | 7 (5.0–10.0) | < 0.001 | 8 (5.0–12.0) | 6 (4.0–10.0) | < 0.001 |
| 1–2, n (%) | 57 (2.7) | 1683 (3.7) | < 0.001 | 5 (2.5) | 340 (3.0) | < 0.001 | 52 (2.8) | 1343 (4.0) | < 0.001 |
| 3–6, n (%) | 729 (35.1) | 21,109 (46.5) | 47 (23.4) | 5256 (46.0) | 682 (36.4) | 15,853 (46.6) | |||
| 7–10, n (%) | 622 (30.0) | 11,922 (26.2) | 66 (32.8) | 3305 (28.9) | 556 (29.7) | 8617 (25.4) | |||
| 11–15, n (%) | 303 (14.6) | 5313 (11.7) | 32 (15.9) | 1355 (11.9) | 271 (14.5) | 3958 (11.6) | |||
| 16+, n (%) | 365 (17.6) | 5393 (11.9) | 51 (25.4) | 1172 (10.3) | 314 (16.7) | 4221 (12.4) | |||
| Infection-associated LOSb, days | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 9.9 (16.3) | 8.2 (15.3) | < 0.001 | 13.9 (16.1) | 8.6 (9.9) | < 0.001 | 9.5 (16.3) | 8.1 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 7 (5.0–11.0) | 6 (4.0–9.0) | < 0.001 | 9 (6.0–14.0) | 7 (5.0–10.0) | < 0.001 | 7 (5.0–10.0) | 6 (4.0–9.0) | < 0.001 |
| 1–2, n (%) | 87 (4.2) | 1669 (3.7) | < 0.001 | 6 (3.0) | 314 (2.7) | < 0.001 | 81 (4.3) | 1355 (4.0) | < 0.001 |
| 3–6, n (%) | 812 (39.1) | 22,924 (50.5) | 45 (22.4) | 5327 (46.6) | 767 (40.9) | 17,597 (51.8) | |||
| 7–10, n (%) | 639 (30.8) | 12,125 (26.7) | 72 (35.8) | 3435 (30.1) | 567 (30.2) | 8690 (25.6) | |||
| 11–15, n (%) | 299 (14.4) | 4951 (10.9) | 36 (17.9) | 1349 (11.8) | 263 (14.0) | 3602 (10.6) | |||
| 16+, n (%) | 239 (11.5) | 3751 (8.3) | 42 (20.9) | 1003 (8.8) | 197 (10.5) | 2748 (8.1) | |||
| ICU occurred during index hospitalisation, n (%) | 670 (32.3) | 15,737 (34.7) | 0.026 | 114 (56.7) | 5156 (45.1) | 0.001 | 556 (29.7) | 10,581 (31.1) | 0.179 |
| ICU LOS, days | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 9.0 (21.8) | 5.8 (17.7) | < 0.001 | 14.4 (28.0) | 5.2 (12.0) | 0.001 | 7.9 (20.1) | 6.0 (19.9) | 0.034 |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 3 (1.0–8.0) | 3 (1.0–6.0) | 0.100 | 3 (1.0–10.0) | 3 (1.0–5.0) | 0.172 | 3 (1.0–7.5) | 3 (1.0–7.0) | 0.405 |
| Infection-associated ICU stay, n (%) | 520 (25.1) | 12,940 (28.5) | 0.001 | 100 (49.8) | 4713 (41.2) | 0.015 | 420 (22.4) | 8227 (24.2) | 0.076 |
| ICU at index culture, n (%) | 413 (19.9) | 9874 (21.7) | 0.046 | 76 (37.8) | 3587 (31.4) | 0.052 | 337 (18.0) | 6287 (18.5) | 0.571 |
| Infection-associated ICU LOSc, days | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.5 (14.6) | 4.9 (10.1) | 0.013 | 9.2 (17) | 4.8 (10.2) | 0.011 | 5.9 (13.9) | 5.0 (10.1) | 0.195 |
| Median (Q1–Q3) | 3 (1.0–7.0) | 3 (1.0–6.0) | 0.173 | 3 (1.0–8.5) | 3 (1.0–5.0) | 0.373 | 3 (1.0–6.0) | 3 (1.0–6.0) | 0.381 |
Patients with index culture taken before the admission or after discharge were excluded from the analyses
CR Carbapenem resistant, CS Carbapenem susceptible, ICU Intensive care unit, LOS Length of stay, SD Standard deviation, UTI Urinary tract infection
aOverall LOS: number of days from admission to discharge
bInfection-associated LOS: number of days from index culture date to discharge
cInfection-associated ICU LOS: if a positive culture was obtained within 2 days of ICU admission, the entire ICU LOS was used; if the culture was obtained during ICU stay, the LOS was taken as the number of days from the index culture to discharge from the ICU