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. 2021 Jun 13;19:180. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00925-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — 2D-HFn specifically delivered DOX to cancer cells that highly express integrin α2β1. a DOX-loaded 2D-HFn nanoparticles or DOX was incubated with U-87MG cells for various times. The free form of DOX was inside the cell nuclei after 30 min of incubation. However, DOX delivered via the DOX-loaded 2D-HFn nanoparticle was inside the cell nucleus after two hours of incubation and became obvious after four hours of incubation. The red signal represents DOX; FITC represents 2D-HFn. b The same procedure was conducted with 22Rv1 cells. Free DOX entered the cell nuclei after two hours of incubation. However, few DOX and 2D-HFn signals were observed, even after four hours of DOX-loaded 2D-HFn incubation. Scale bar, 10 μm