Fig. 2.
Cartoon representation of the substrate translocation through the 26S proteasome AAA+ motor. Deep green, blue, gray, orange, yellow, and light green represent, respectively, the Rpt3, Rpt4, Rpt5, Rpt1, Rpt2, and Rpt6. The red line represents substrate. Each structure from the left-hand side represents state EB, EC1, ED1, and ED2, respectively. The color schemes of the Rpt units are consistent throughout the entire paper. The structures of EB, EC1, ED1, and ED2 are designated as structures “E,” “G,” “J,” and “K” throughout the paper. The violet arrow demonstrates the clockwise motion of Rpt units as the substrate translocates in a somewhat “counterclockwise” direction.