FIGURE 1.

YPFS increases intracellular platinum in cultured A549 and A549-DDP cells. Cultured A549 and A549-DDP cells (500,000) were plated in a 100-mm culture plate and cultured to 90% confluent. Then, cells were challenged with 2.5 µM cisplatin (non-toxic dose) and MK 571 (A) or YPFS extract (B) for 3 h. After washing, the collected cells were digested with 500 μl 70% HNO₃ spiked with 40 μg/ml cadmium for 2 h and adjusted with water to 3 ml and subjected to ICP-OES analysis. Values are normalized with total protein and cadmium signal, expressed as % of increase as compared with control group (no drug), in mean ± SEM, n = 3. * or ^#, p < 0.05, ** or ^##, p < 0.01, *** or ^###, p < 0.001.