Table 1.
Characteristics at Baseline Visit, Aged ≥60 Years, From the InCHIANTI Study
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 708) | Censored (n = 529) | Developed Anemia (n = 179) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 72.7 ± 6.5 | 71.8 ± 6.2 | 75.8 ± 6.6 | <.0001 |
| Sex, female, % | 55.5 | 58.2 | 47.5 | .02 |
| Education, years | 5.7 ± 3.4 | 5.6 ± 3.2 | 6.0 ± 3.9 | .19 |
| Current smoking, % | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.0 | .19 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.7 ± 4.1 | 27.8 ± 4.1 | 27.4 ± 4.1 | .35 |
| Log plasma GDF-15, RFU | 3.30 ± 0.16 | 3.27 ± 0.15 | 3.36 ± 0.17 | <.0001 |
| Log C-reactive protein, mg/L | 0.40 ± 0.44 | 0.39 ± 0.43 | 0.43 ± 0.44 | .29 |
| Log interleukin-6, pg/mL | 0.12 ± 0.34 | 0.10 ± 0.35 | 0.18 ± 0.33 | .009 |
| Serum iron, μg/dL | 86.1 ± 24.0 | 87.3 ± 23.4 | 82.6 ± 25.5 | .02 |
| Soluble transferrin receptor, nmol/L | 16.2 ± 4.7 | 15.8 ± 4.2 | 17.2 ± 5.8 | .001 |
| Ferritin, mg/L | 150.2 ± 123.0 | 158.6 ± 127.6 | 125.6 ± 104.9 | .002 |
| Vitamin B12, pg/mL | 456.1 ± 334.1 | 461.5 ± 332.4 | 439.7 ± 339.5 | .46 |
| Vitamin B12 <200 pg/mL, % | 8.9 | 7.1 | 14.9 | .003 |
| Folate, nmol/L | 7.5 ± 4.5 | 7.4 ± 4.4 | 7.9 ± 4.6 | .21 |
| Folate <5.89 nmol/L, % | 40.5 | 42.4 | 38.5 | .38 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 77.3 ± 20.8 | 77.6 ± 20.8 | 76.4 ± 20.8 | .49 |
| Hypertension, % | 47.5 | 46.9 | 49.2 | .11 |
| Angina, % | 4.0 | 3.6 | 5.0 | .45 |
| Peripheral artery disease, % | 7.9 | 6.8 | 11.2 | .17 |
| Congestive heart failure, % | 3.0 | 1.9 | 6.1 | <.0001 |
| Stroke, % | 3.2 | 2.8 | 4.5 | .46 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 7.6 | 6.2 | 11.7 | .048 |
| Depression, % | 4.4 | 4.0 | 5.7 | .40 |
| Cancer, % | 5.6 | 4.7 | 8.4 | .09 |
| Chronic kidney disease, % | 14.5 | 15.7 | 11.2 | .18 |
Note: eGFR = Estimated glomerular filtration rate; GDF-15. = Growth and differentiation factor 15; RFU = Relative fluorescence unit.