Table 2.
Recent investigations showing benefits of complementary therapeutics and probiotics in ameliorating symptoms of mucositis
| Authors | Treatment | Cancer Type | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preclinical Studies | ||||
| Yeung et al. 2015 (40) | 5FU (30 mg/kg) 5 consecutive days | Cancer-free | L. casei, L. acidophilus, and B. bifidum 1 × 107 CFU | Reduced villus damage and decreased TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 expression |
| Wang et al. 2020 (41) | 5FU (25 mg/kg) and irinotecan (25 mg/kg) 4 consecutive days | Tumor-free | Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) | Reduced histopathological scoring, decreased serum IL6 and TNFα |
| Chang et al. 2020 (8) | FOLFOX | CT-26 Implant | FMT from control mice | Reduced histopathological scoring; increased goblet cells and ZO1; decreased apoptosis and NF-κB; improved microbial diversity |
| Clinical trials | ||||
| Karaca et al. 2014 (42) | FOLOFOX-4 | CRC | β-glucan 50 mg/day | Decreased oral mucositis and diarrhea |
| Michael et al. 2004 (43) | Irinotecan | CRC | Activated charcoal, 1,000 mg | Decreased grade 3/4 diarrhea |
| Österlund et al. 2007 (44) | 5FU and leucovorin | CRC | L. rhamnosus, 1–2 × 10,111 CFU + 11 g guargum | Reduced grade 3/4 diarrhea, reduced abdominal discomfort, fewer treatment interruptions/alterations |
| Mego et al. 2015 (45) | Irinotecan | CRC | C. dophilus 3 capsules per day containing 10 × 109 CFU | Reduced grade 3/4 diarrhea and reduced incidence of enterocolitis |
| Lee et al. 2014 (46) | Radiotherapy and chemotherapy | CRC | Lacidofil with L. rhamnosus R0011, L. acidophilus R0052 2 × 109 CFU | Decreased IBS and increased in functional health scores |
CFU, colony-forming unit; COX2, cyclooxygenase-2; CRC, colorectal cancer; FOLFOX, folinic acid, 5FU, and oxaliplatin; IL1β, interleukin 1β; IL6, interleukin 6; MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; N/A, not available; NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-B; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; 5FU, 5-fluorouracil.